单选题 Comparisons were drawn (1) the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21. As was discussed before, it was not (2) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (3) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (4) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (5) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (6) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (7) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (8) . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, (9) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (10) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (11) its impact on the media was not immediately (12) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (13) , with display becoming sharper and storage (14) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (15) generations, with the distance between generations much (16) .
It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the (17) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (18) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (19) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed (20) "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

单选题 A. between B. before C. since D. later
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考察对上下文句意的理解。第1句指出:人们常拿20世纪电视的发展同十五六世纪印刷术的普及做比较。第2句承上转折,但在(十五六世纪到20世纪)这段时间内发生了许多事,强调两者是不能相提并论的。4个选项都是时间副词,但只有between...A and...B结构,表示介于某两个时间或地点之间的时间或地点,此时between=in between,adv.
单选题 A. after B. by C. during D. until
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] until表示“直到……才”,在it was not until+时间that+句子中,句中谓语动词用一般过去时,句意为:直到19世纪,报纸才成为主要媒介。如果使用by,则句子时态应改为完成时,即“by the 19th century the newspaper had become the dominant medium”。在19世纪之前,报纸已成为主要媒介。而选项A、C均不符合历史事实,报纸就是在19世纪开始发展成为主要媒介的。
单选题 A. means B. method C. medium D. measure
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] Medium是媒体、媒介的意思,复数形式为media,mass media指大众传媒,大众传播工具(尤指电视、报纸、无线电等),考生往往熟知media,却不知道其单数形式medium。
单选题 A. process B. company C. light D. form
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 从the pamphlet和the book推断the periodical应该也是和newspaper处于并列关系。In the company of sth. =together with表示“与……一起”的意思。全句意思为:继宣传小册子和书本之后,直到19世纪,报纸才同杂志一起,成为电子时代之前的主要媒体。
单选题 A. gathered B. speeded C. worked D. picked
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] Speed up为不及物动词短语,意为“加速”,只有此选项符合题意,全句意为:通信革命也是在19世纪加速发展,从铁路运输开始,经过电报、电话、无线电和电影,直到20世纪的摩托车和飞机。Gather意为“聚集”;work up一般作及物动词短语,如:work up a business拓展业务,work up the feelings of an audience煽动听众情绪;pick up意为“拾起,捡起”。
单选题 A. on B. out C. over D. off
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] On表示“进展,向前,继续活动”,是一个持续的状态,与句意“从铁路运输开始,一直经过一系列的发明(电报、电话……)”相符。短语lead off是“开始”的意思,与句意不符。
单选题 A. of B. for C. beyond D. into
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 该句从“the communications revolution”开始的主要骨干为:the revolution speeded up,beginning with...,and leading on through...,...,into the 20th-century world of...
单选题 A. concept B. dimension C. effect D. perspective
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 短语in perspective=in the right perspective,意为“以正确的观点;正确地”,这句话意思是:“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程。”In concept“在概念上”,in effect则指“规则、法律仍在实施中,仍然有效”,或指“in fact,actually”,都与句意不符。
单选题 A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 从上下文句意推断,上文强调“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”,这里却说“20世纪初电子计算机的出现以及20世纪60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一进程,这一点为大家所公认”。很显然这里是一种转折关系,只有however符合题意,indeed表示强调,hence和therefore则是顺承的关系(因此,所以)。
单选题 A. brought B. followed C. stimulated D. characterized
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 从上下文时间关系上推断,20世纪60年代集成电路的发明②应该是在20世纪初电子计算机的使用①之后,因此用“followed by”,而brought by则指②带来①,stimulated by指②刺激了①的产生,明显颠倒了两者之间的前后关系,characterized by则是说②是①的特征,也与事实不符。
单选题 A. unless B. since C. lest D. although
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 由上下文句意推断,前半句“20世纪初电子计算机的出现以及20世纪60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一进程,这一点为大家所公认”,是对计算机的肯定,而后半句“它对媒体的影响并不是立竿见影”,两句之间应是转折的关系,故选although。Unless“除非”,since“由于”,lest“以免”,都不符合逻辑关系。
单选题 A. apparent B. desirable C. negative D. plausible
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 结合上题分析,应选A,即“尽管计算机对媒体的影响并不是立竿见影,人们却公认……”选desirable、negative都与上下文逻辑联系相悖,plausible是“可行的”,与impact“影响”不能搭配。
单选题 A. institutional B. universal C. fundamental D. instrumental
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] Institutional(社会机构的;公共场合的)与personal形成相对的关系,意指计算机不仅为个人广泛使用,也被社会机构广泛采用。从as well as推断,所填单词应与personal“个人化的”形成一种对应关系,而universal“普遍性的”、fundamental“基础性的”、instrumental“工具性的”都不能满足这种关系。
单选题 A. ability B. capability C. capacity D. faculty
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] Ability一般指有生命的人,动物的能力;capability指人具体做某事的能力,含“能否胜任某项工作”的意思;而faculty则指人的才能、能力,如the faculty for learning languages“学习语言的才能”;而capacity可指非生命体的能力、容量,storage capacity指“存储容量,内存大小”。
单选题 A. by means of B. in terms of C. with regard to D. in line with
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 该句意为:人们认为,不同时代的电脑就像人一样,也分为一代、二代……只是两代电脑之间的相隔时间相对要短得多。In terms of“措词,说法”;by means of则是指“通过……的手段”;with regard to意为“鉴于,考虑到”;in line with意为“与……一致”,意思同in agreement with。
单选题 A. deeper B. fewer C. nearer D. smaller
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 这里考查的是与distance的搭配问题,只有D项smaller能与其搭配,常用的还有a great distance,a long/short distance等。
单选题 A. context B. range C. scope D. territory
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题实际上是找一个与“information society”相对应的词,而“信息社会”应该是指我们所生活的时代、社会背景,而context不仅有我们所熟知的“上下文”之意,也指某一事件发生的环境、背景。此时context意思同“circumstances,background situation”;range则指一定的范围,如射程、音域、价格上下浮动范围等;scope指活动范围或观察范围、眼界等;territory则指领土、领域、区域,都没有环境、背景之意。
单选题 A. regarded B. impressed C. influenced D. effected
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] Influence意为“影响”,regard指“注视,视为……”,impress指“给……留下印象”,而effect作及物动词是指“实现,完成”,只有C符合句意。全句意为:通信革命不仅影响了我们的工作和休闲,还影响到我们的时空观,但是……
单选题 A. competitive B. controversial C. distracting D. irrational
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 由“but”可以推断后半句是承前转折,前半句说“通信革命不仅影响了我们的工作和休闲,还影响到我们的时空观”,但即使如此,“人们对其在经济、政治、社会和文化上的影响依然持______的观点”。Competitive指“竞争性的”,distracting指“令人分神的”,irrational则指“非理智的”,只有controversial“有争议的”符合上下文句意,即在此问题上人们各持己见,说法不一。
单选题 A. above B. upon C. against D. with
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] Weigh sth. against sth. 是一个短语,表示将两者进行对比、比较、两相权衡,尤其是两种相对的事物,如本题的权衡利弊;weigh upon sb. /sth. 是“某件事使某人产生焦虑,某事沉甸甸地压在某人心头”之意;sth. weigh with sb. 是“某事影响某人,对某人而言有分量”的意思。