【正确答案】正确答案：As a means of verbal communication, language is essential to human beings. There are some design features which are able to distinguish human language from the languages of other species, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity and displacement. Both Chinese and the European languages share these design features and serve effective roles in human communication. There is no sense considering the European languages as more advanced than Chinese.(3 points) It can not be denied that Chinese and the European languages are quite different from each other. Take English for example, the variations can be found at morphological, syntactic and discourse levels. The details are as follows; first, as a branch in Sino-Tibetan family, Chinese is agglutinative, and the morphemes are jointed together to form vocabulary, while English belongs to Indo-European family, and the inflection is widely used in the word formation; second, Chinese is parataxis at the syntactic level, the understanding of the sentences depends at the internal logical relation between sentences. As for English, which is a hypotaxis language, the connection of sentences mainly relies on the connection words or the linguistic forms of the language; third, English is subject-prominent at the discourse level, which lays emphasis on the subject, although the subject is not always the topic of the sentence; while Chinese is topic-prominent, which emphasizes the topic rather than the subject and thus shows much more flexibility in discourse arrangement. What should also be noticed is that English is just one of the European languages. There are lots of other subcategories such as French, German and so on. Different European languages bear different features; to compare one specific language, such as Chinese, with a group of other languages is not reasonable in the first place.(4 points) As one of the most widely used languages in the world, Chinese bears a history of about 5, 000 years. It is not reasonable to consider Chinese as "a primitive language" just because of its long history, and in the same way the Chinese linguistic features, which are different from European languages", should not be labeled as " too unclear to express ideas in a logical way. " " Complex inflectional syntactic structures"are not the necessary quality of a so-called advanced language, and European languages are not the model against which we make all the comparisons. Linguistic issues should be examined from a universal perspective, and any ill-conceived classification will hinder the development of the linguistics as a science.(2 points) To summarize, although linguistic differences do exist between Chinese and the European languages, both of them are effective in communication for the respective native speakers. The linguistic features, as well as social, economic and cultural factors can not serve as the criterion to make a judgment on whether a particular language is more advanced than others. Linguistics is a descriptive science, and linguistic studies should be carried out in an objective manner. In this process, we should always bear in mind that one human language is neither superior nor inferior to another.(1 point)

【答案解析】解析：汉语和欧洲语言都具备人类语言的本质特征，能够有效达到交际目的，不存在孰优孰劣之分。不可否认，汉语和一些欧洲语言(以英语为例)在词、句、语篇上都存在不同之处。例如，汉语属于粘着型语言，词素粘合在一起组成词，英语同汇中则存在屈折变化；汉语重意合，句子结构简洁明快，主要依靠句子内部逻辑关系进行连接，英语重形合，句子结构紧凑严密，主要依靠语法手段进行连接；汉语为主题显著型语言，突出主题而非主语，英语是主语显著型语言，要求句子有主语，而且主题往往并非句子的主语。社会、经济、文化因素以及语言本身的特点都不能作为判断语言优劣的标准，人类语言没有高低之分，因此，语言学研究应当客观。