单选题 The notion that some people can be overweight or obese and still remain healthy is a myth, according to a new Canadian study.
Even without high blood pressure, diabetes or other metabolic issues, overweight and obese people have higher rates of death, heart attack and stroke after 10 years compared with their thinner counterparts, the researchers found. "These data suggest that increased body weight is not a benign condition, even in the absence of metabolic abnormalities, and argue against the concept of healthy obesity or benign obesity." said researcher Dr. Ravi Retnakaran, an associate professor at the University of Toronto. He also added that metabolically healthy obese individuals are indeed at increased risk for death and cardiovascular events over the long term as compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals.
It's possible that obese people who appear metabolically healthy have low levels of some risk factors that worsen over time, the researchers suggest in the report, published online on Dec. 3 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Dr. David Katz, director of the Yale University Prevention Research Center, welcomed the report. "Given the recent attention to the 'obesity paradox' in the professional literature and pop culture alike, this is a very timely and important paper," Katz said. Some obese people appear healthy because not all weight gain is harmful, "it depends partly on genes, partly on the source of calories, partly on activity levels, partly on hormone levels." he added.
A number of things, however, work to increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and death over time. "Fat in the liver interferes with its function and insulin sensitivity." Katz said. This starts a domino effect, he explained this way: insensitivity to insulin causes the pancreas to compensate by raising insulin output. Higher insulin levels affect other hormones in a cascade that causes inflammation. Fight-or-flight hormones are affected, raising blood pressure. Liver dysfunction also impairs blood cholesterol levels.
In studies with follow-ups of over a decade, those who were overweight or obese but didn't have high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes still had a 24 percent increased risk for heart attack, stroke and death over 10 years or more, compared with normal-weight people, the researchers found.
Greater risk for heart attack, stroke and death was seen among all those with metabolic disease regardless of weight, the researchers noted. As a result, doctors should consider both body mass and metabolic tests when evaluating someone's health risks, the researchers concluded.

单选题 Based on the first 2 paragraphs, which statement is NOT true?

A.It is far from rare for a fat guy to remain healthy.
B.The so-called healthy obesity or benign obesity has no negative effects in the long ran.
C.Dr. Ravi Retnakaran doesn't agree with the concept of healthy obesity or benign obesity.
D.High blood pressure, diabetes or other metabolic abnormalities may account for some healthy problems.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。由第一段第一句“The notion that some people can be overweight or obese and still remain healthy is a myth.”可知：过度肥胖的人依然可以保持健康这种现象并不罕见，这与A项内容相符。由第二段第一句“Even without high blood pressure, diabetes or other metabolic issues, overweight and obese people have higher rates of death, heart attack and stroke after 10 years compared with their thinner counterparts.”可知：即使没有一些新陈代谢方面的疾病，肥胖的人从长远来看也没有体型正常的人患病率低，这与B项内容不符。由第二段第二句“...argue against the concept of healthy obesity or benign obesity...”可知：Dr. Ravi Retnakaran并不赞成健康肥胖这一概念，这与c项内容相符。由第二段第一句“Even without high blood pressure, diabetes or other metabolic issues, overweight and obese people have higher rates of death, heart attack and stroke after 10 years compared with their thinner counterparts...”可知：高血压、糖尿病以及其他的一些新陈代谢类疾病确实会带来较高的死亡率，这与D项内容相符。所以本题正确答案是B。

单选题 People's health is NOT affected by ______ according to Katz.

A.blood pressure
B.hormone level
C.how much one may eat
D.how much sports one may take

单选题 What is "obesity paradox"?

A.Fit and fat.
B.Fat and harmful.
C.Fat and thin.
D.Overweight and obese.

单选题 Which factor starts the "domino effect"?

A.Pancreas.
B.Hormone.
C.Blood pressure.
D.Fat in the liver.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 推理题。第四段主要就是解释多米诺效应：“'...Fat in the liver interferes with its function and insulin sensitivity.' Katz said. This starts a domino effect, he explained this way: insensitivity to insulin causes the pancreas to compensate by raising insulin output. Higher insulin levels affect other hormones in a cascade that causes inflammation. Fight-or-flight hormones are affected, raising blood pressure. Liver dysfunction also impairs blood cholesterol levels.”由这段话可知：肝脏里脂肪过多带来了肝脏功能的紊乱并导致胰岛素丧失了一些敏感度，这就是多米诺效应的肇事者，所以本题正确答案是D。

单选题 Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?

A.Weight gain is harmful to us.
B.Overweight and healthy can not exist at the same time.
C.Insulin sensitivity directly leads to high blood pressure.
D.Overweight has no direct connection with heart attack, stroke and death.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 推理题。由第一段第一句“The notion that some people can be overweight or obese and still remain healthy is a myth, according to a new Canadian study.”可知：肥胖和健康并不矛盾，这与B项的内容不相符。由第三段第四句“Some obese people appear healthy because not all weight gain is harmful...”可知：体重增加并不一定都是有害的，这与A项的内容不符。由第四段第五句“Fight-or-flight hormones are affected, raising blood pressure...”可知：胰岛素敏感度的降低不会直接导致高血压，这与C项的内容不相符。所以本题正确答案是D。