问答题
Assume you were the Project director of Victoria Securities. Determine the maximum amount of bonds offering(最高发行金额) in Hong Kong ( also consider the capital need of Zhen Hua Company from the bonds offering in mainland China). Besides, recommend to the management of Zhen Hua Company whether it should issue long-term bonds or short-term bonds in Hong Kong, and provide a reason to support your recommendation.
【正确答案】 According to the Chinese laws and regulations, the maximum of bonds offering by Zhen Hua Company is 8 billion ×40%-0 =3.2 billion (i.e.3 200 000 000).
Consider the capital need from such bonds offering in mainland China, the maximum amount of bonds offering in Hong Kong is 3.2 billion -1 billion=2.2 billion (i.e.2 200 000 000).
It is suggested to issue long-term bonds.
Reason: The Company’s current liabilities ratio is 190/200 = 95% . The ratio is excessively high. offering long-term bonds can lower the proportion of the Company’s current liabilities, optimize the Company’s debt structure and enhance the stability of the Company’s operations.
【答案解析】
问答题
Assume you were Jack, Director of International Investment. Briefly explain the ranking principle for capital allocation when the capital is limited, and calculate the present value index for Project A, Project B, and Project C. With a total investment of l billion Hong Kong dollars (HKD 1 000 000 000) , determine the available combinations of project investment options. Lastly, suggest to the management the best investment decision and provide a reason to support your decision.
【正确答案】 (1) Under the ranking principle for capital allocation when the capital is limited, the limited capital should be allocated to the project that has a higher present value index.
(2)
Present value index for Project A is
(9 091 +12 396 +8 264 +12 977 + 9 934)/50 000 =52 662/50 000 =1.05
Preysent value index for Project B is
(12 727 +9 090 +11 270 +10 928 +9 314)/50 000 =53 329/50 000 =1.07
Present value index for Project C is
(8 182 +12 396 +13 523 +10 245 +8 693)/50 000 =53 039/50 000 =1.06
(3) There are three investment portfolios available, namely Project A and B, Project A and C, and Project B and C.
(4)The best investment decision is to choose portfolio of Project B and C.
Reason: The ranking of present value index from high to low is Project B, Project C, and Project A.Therefore, the combination of Project B and C should be selected.
问答题
Briefly describe the five elements of an effective enterprise internal control in accordance with the “Basic Standard for Enterprise Internal Control”《企业内部控制基本规范》.Based on the information provided in Materials 4 (资料四 ) in relation to Sobright Company, identify the major risks that the Company exposes to in its fund management activities.
【正确答案】 (1)In accordance with the“Basic Standard for Enterprise Internal Control”, the five elements of internal control are:
1.Internal environment: Internal environment lays the foundation for the application of internal control. This typically includes the following aspects: the corporate governance framework; organization structure and allocation of authorities and responsibilities; internal audit; human resource polices; corporate culture etc.
2. Risk assessment: Risk assessment is the timely identification and systematic analysis of risks that affect either business activities or the accomplishment of established internal control objectives together with the formulation of reasonable responses to identified risks.
3. Control activities: Control activities are the steps taken by an enterprise in response to its risk assessment, in order to manage identified risks within the respective risk tolerance level.
4. Information and communication: Information and communication refers to the timely; and accurate gathering and dissemination of internal control related information to enable the effective communication of such information within and outside the entity.
5.Internal monitoring: Internal monitoring relates to an enterprise’s monitoring of the internal control it has designed and put into operation, the assessment of the enterprise’s internal control effectiveness in design and operation, and the mitigation taken by the enterprise to rectify any identified control weaknesses in a timely manner.
(2) Major risks in the fund management activities:
Inappropriate financing decisions are made, which would result in ineffective financing or unbalanced capital structure. This could lead to overly high financing costs or debt crisis.
Inappropriate investment decisions are made, which would result in unplanned expansion or loss of development opportunities. This could lead to cash flow problems or inefficient use of funds.
Inappropriate flow and management of funds, which would lead to financial difficulties or surplus of funds on hand.
Controls over fund management are ineffective, which would lead to unauthorized use or misappropriation of funds, or even fraud.
【答案解析】
问答题
Based on the information provided in Materials 4(资料四),measure the performance of White Appliances and Black Appliances separately by using Residual Income Method (剩余收益法) and Economic Value Added Method (经济增加值法). Based on the results, evaluate whether the business of White Appliances or Black Appliances performs better.
【正确答案】 (1) Using the Residual Income Method:
For White Appliances, residual income =7 000-12%×40 000 = USD 22 million
For Black Appliances, residual income =7 400 -13%×42 000 = USD 19.4 million
Under this method, White Appliances performs better than Black Appliances.
(2) Using the Economic Value Added Method:
Economic value added for White Appliances :(7 000 +1 800)- 12%× (40 000 +1 800) = USD37.84 million
Economic value added for Black Appliances :(7 400 +2 400)- 13%× (42 000 +2 400) = USD40.28 million
Under this method, Black Appliances performs better than White Appliances.
【答案解析】
问答题
Based on the financial data provided in the materials, use Zhen Hua Company as the comparable entity. Evaluate the value (per share) of Sobright Company using the three different valuation-models: Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) model; price-to-book ratio (P/B) model; and price-to-sales ratio (P/S) model, respectively. Besides, indicate the limitations of using P/B Model.
【正确答案】 (1) Using the P/E model:
Zhen Hua Company’s current P/E = [50%×(1+8%) ]÷(10% -8%)=27
Sobright Company’s estimated value = 0.5×27 = USD 13.5/share
(2) Using the P/B model:
Zhen Hua Company’s current P/B = [20%×50%× (1+8%)] / (10%-8%) =5.4
Sobright Company’s estimated value = 1.25×5.4 = USD6.75/share
(3) Using the P/S model:
Zhen Hua Company’s current P/S= [5%×50% (1 +8%) ] / ( 10% - 8%) = 1.35
Sobright Company’s estimated value = 10×1.35 = USD 13.50/share
(4) The P/B model has the following limitations:
The book value is subject to the impact of-accounting policies selected. If a company selects and uses different accounting standards or accounting policies, the P/B ratio comparison will lack of comparability.
P/B ratios do not have practical applicability in services and high-tech industries that usually have small amount of fixed assets, because the net asset does not have a strong relationship with the value of such companies.
For companies that have negative net assets(accumulated deficit), the P/B ratio is meaningless and cannot be used for comparison purposes.