英译汉 Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that all illness or accidents do not kill it prematurely. The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin. Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect. Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficiently during childhood. They reach their peak at the time of maturing or early adulthood. After that, they begin to decline. Bones, for example, gradually, become lighter and more brittle. In the aged, the joints between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible. This can make moving very painful. All the major organs of the body show signs of aging. The brain, for example, works less efficiently and even gets smaller in size. Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down. Old people often have trouble in remembering recent events. One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted (收缩的), allowing less blood to flow to the rest of the body. This condition accounts, directly or indirectly for many of the diseases of the aged. It may, for example, result in heart attack. Aging is not a uniform process. Different parts of the body wear out at different rates. There are great differences among people in their rate of aging. Even the cells of the body differ in the way they age. The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times during the course of a lifetime. Nerve cells and muscle fibers can never be replaced once they wear out. Gerontologists—scientists who study the process of aging—believe the wearing out of the body is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock. They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years. 1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（ ） A、Signs of aging are easier to detect in animals than in plants. B、Aging occurs in every living thing after it has reached maturity. C、The outward signs of aging may be seen in old people. D、Not all signs of aging are visible. 2.The expression “the arteries” (Line 1, Para. 4) means （ ）. A、the paths along which blood flows to all parts of the body B、the tubes carrying blood back to the heart C、vessels that are thickened and constricted D、such heart diseases as suffered by old people 3.The expression “Aging is not a uniform process” (Line 1, Para. 5) means that （ ）. A、old people do not have the same outward signs of aging B、not all people age at the same rate C、the process of aging is slow but steady D、nerve cells and muscles fibers do not age simultaneously 4.Which of the statements about aging is false?（ ） A、People vary in their rate of aging. B、The cells of the body age in different ways. C、The various parts of the body do not wear out at the same rate. D、All body cells once worn out they can never be replaced. 5.Which piece of information is given in the passage?（ ） A、Gerontologists can give man a longer life. B、Gerontologists can prevent diseases connected with aging. C、Gerontologists have discovered that aging is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock. D、Gerontologists have known how the time-clock works.