单选题
Humans use water for three basic purposes: agriculture, industry, and domestic and municipal use (water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and so forth). And the amount of water 27 to each person decreases as the population grows, 28 the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world, just as the world's population is 29 distributed by region, so is the annual 30 of renewable water. Rainfall and snowfall are 31 by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get more precipitation than others. This leads the uneven 32 of water all over the world. Natural water scarcity has prompted many nations to try to increase their water supplies by building dams to catch water that otherwise would escape to the sea, or by sinking more and deeper wells. But these efforts can have 33 side effects that can contribute to water scarcity. Instead of building dams, some countries choose to increase their 34 to groundwater. But this practice increases the risk of over pumping aquifers (蓄水层). Pollution also affects the water supply, reducing the available water by making it toxic or otherwise 35 for human use. Water shortages could also lead to international conflicts as countries 36 for limited water resources. Political tensions over water often appear when different nations lay claim to the same river, lake, or aquifer. According to the UN, more than 300 river basins and aquifers worldwide cross national boundaries are creating the potential for conflicts. A. access B. positively C. deliberately D. compete E. negative F. distribution G. available H. determined I. unevenly J. unfit K. starved L. raising M. approach N. arising O. supply
问答题
【正确答案】G
【答案解析】空格前为主语the amount of water，后为介词to，且这句话并不缺少谓语。由此可知，to each person为后置定语修饰主语。因此，此处可能是形容词、动词的现在分词或过去分词。这句话的意思是“随着人口的增长，每个人的______水量减少”。在备选的形容词和分词中，只有available（可用的；可获得的）意思最符合，故选G。 [参考译文] 人类使用水资源有三个基本目的：农业、工业以及家庭和市区用水（饮用水、烹饪用水、洗涤用水等）。随着人口的增长，每个人的可用水量减少，水资源匮乏的可能性也随之增加。水资源匮乏的问题并不会同时在世界各地出现，就像世界人口在不同的地区分布不均一样；可再生水的年给水量也同样如此。各地不同的气候类型和风景地貌决定了降雨量和降雪量，因此，世界上某些地方的降水多于其他地方。这一现象导致了全球水资源的不均匀分布。 自然水资源的匮乏促使很多国家想方设法增加其给水量：或修筑水坝贮存本会流人大海的水，或挖掘更多更深的水井。但这些努力却可能会产生消极的副作用，即进一步加快水资源匮乏。有一些国家没有修筑水坝，而是选择增加获得地下水的渠道。但这些做法却增加了过度从蓄水层取水的风险。 污染也是影响给水量的因素，它使水资源变得有毒或不适合人类使用，从而减少了可用水量。 水资源匮乏还会导致国际冲突，因为各国之间会竞相争夺有限的水资源。当不同国家对同一河流、湖泊或者蓄水层争相宣称其所有权时，关于水资源问题的政治紧张局势往往会出现。据联合国称，世界上超过300个跨国界的江河流域和蓄水层都在制造着潜在的国际冲突。
问答题
【正确答案】L
【答案解析】空格前是一个完整的句子，后为名词短语，说明______the possibility of water shortages是一个分句，且无法与主句共用一个谓语动词，因此，此处缺少非谓语动词，空格处应填入动词的过去分词或现在分词。备选的分词有determined、raising和arising。根据常识，人口越多，水资源匮乏的可能性必然越大，因此应在raising和arising两项中做出选择。其中，arise是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，故正确答案为raising。