单选题
Consider two markets: One has a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of 300, while the other has a four-firm concentration ratio equal to 15%. Which of the following statements most accurately describes these two markets?
A、
Both markets are highly competitive.
B、
The market with the HHI equal to 300 is very competitive, while the other market has a low degree of competition.
C、
The market with the HHI equal to 300 has a low degree of competition, while the other market is highly competitive.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】
[解析] Herfindahl-Hirschman指数(HHI)是指行业中最大的50家厂商的市场份额百分比的平方和。如果特定行业中的厂商总数少于50家,则该指数为行业中所有厂商的市场份额百分比平方和。根据上述定义,我们不难证明,竞争型行业的HHI值较低,而垄断型行业的HHI值则较高。如果特定行业的HHI值介于1000~1800之间,则意味着该行业的竞争程度适中,而HHI值高于1800的行业则表明该行业缺乏竞争性。
四厂商集中度是指行业中最大的4家厂商销售份额在行业总销售份额中所占的百分比。在完全竞争行业中,该指标接近于0;在垄断行业中,该指标则为100%。一般来讲,如果特定市场(行业)的四厂商集中度低于40%,则表明该市场属于竞争型市场;如果该指标高于60%,则表明该市场属于垄断型市场。
由上述分析及题目已知条件可以确定,两市场均具有很高的竞争性,本题的正确选项为A。
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