【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[听力原文] Good morning, class. Today we are going to start a big unit on government. Before the rise of the nation-state and absolute monarchies, Europe went through a period known as feudalism. Like our concept of democracy, feudalism had many forms and varied by location and time period. Let's see, feudalism originated by mixing Roman law with Germanic tradition. The Germanic warriors that lived about 3, 000 years ago had a tradition of electing a supreme warrior as leader. After battles, he would collect all of the spoils and distribute them fairly among all the warriors. The term feudalism is defined by three principle terms: They are lords, vassals, and fiefs. Okay, a lord, in feudalism, is a person that owns land. He temporarily gives this land to another person, called a vassal. The vassal enters this contract so he may gain the land. Land sizes varied, from the size of a small farm, to huge counties. The vassal gained the revenues generated by the land, usually in the form of farming products. What did the lord get? At this time, there were no standing armies. There were no professional soldiers. The vassal swore allegiance to the lord. In times of trouble, the lord could call upon the vassal to fight for the lord. This guaranteed the security of the lord. Other details were often included in feudal deals. For example, since the lord still owned the land and merely lent the land to the vassal, the lord still had to maintain the land and defend it. The vassal, many times, would be required to grind his wheat and bake his bread in the ovens and mills owned by the lord, who then could collect taxes. Umm, oh, yes, the vassals also acted as counselors to the lord. During times of crisis, the lords would often hold meetings, calling together all the vassals to help them decide major decisions, such as to go to war or not. Ah, lastly, feudalism had many levels. What I mean is, a king could be a lord, giving aristocrats large lands, who then became his vassals. Those aristocrats were lords themselves, dividing up their land to lesser vassals. The top of this hierarchy was the emperor, who was the lord to his vassal kings. Feudalism declined when lords became strong enough to maintain a standing army and did not require the services of their vassals. What are the three terms that define feudalism? 讲座中明确提到The term feudalism is defined by three principle terms：They are lords，vassals and fiefs. 所以定义封建主义的三个关键词分别是封建领主、封臣和封地。故选项A为答案。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[听力原文] During times of crisis, what would the lords do? 本题问的是“危急时刻，领主们会怎么做?”讲座中在两处提到了相关信息：In times of trouble, the lord could call upon the vassal to fight for the lord. 和 During times of crisis, the lords would often hold meetings, calling together all the vassals to help them decide major decisions. 由此可知，危急时刻，领主们会号召封臣来为自己而战或者召集他们来帮助自己做一些重大的决定，故选项B为答案。其他选项均与原文信息不符，均排除。