单选题 American higher education stands on the brink (边缘) of chaos. (1) have so many spent so long learning so little.
The present crisis (2) the increasingly widespread acceptance among faculty and administrators of the fatal educational (3) that a student should not be required to do any academic work that (4) him. If a student prefers not to study science or history or literature, he is (5) to attain his degree without studying any science, history, or literature.
Throughout the country the attempt is being (6) to provide students with what is advertised as a (7) education without requiring of them the necessary self-discipline and hard work. Students have been led to believe they can achieve (8) effort, that all they need to do in order to obtain a good education is skip (跳跃) casually down the merry road to learning. Unfortunately, that road is no (9) a detour (绕路) to the dead end of ignorance.
We must realize that becoming an educated person is a difficult, demanding (10) . Just as anyone who spoke of intense (11) training as a continuous source of pleasure and delight would be thought a fool, for we all know how much pain and frustration such training involves, so anyone who speaks of intense mental (12) as a continuous source of joy and ecstasy ought to be thought (13) foolish, for such effort also involves pain and frustration. Of course, there can be joy in learning as there can be joy in sport. But in both cases the joy is a result of overcoming genuine (14) and cannot be experienced without sweat.
And that he (15) well is no reason why he should not be criticized for an (16) performance. Such criticism, when well-founded and constructive, is (17) demeaning (有辱人格的). Yet criticism of any sort is (18) nowadays. (19) student opinion is given greater and greater (20) in the evaluation of faculty, professors are busy trying to ingratiate (迎合) themselves with the students.

【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这是一个倒装句,句首通常为否定词或带有否定意义的词语,所以首先排除[A]Invariably“始终如一地”;因为句子的语气很绝对,所以排除否定意义不太绝对的[B]Barely和[D]Hardly,两词均意为“几乎不”;因此选Never“从未”,与上句的“将要”相衔接。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】目前的危机是教育原则的结果,所以选stems from,意为“起源于,由……造成”,如:a feeling of hate that stems from envy“由于嫉妒而产生的恨”,其他选项不合文意。[A]shows up“使醒目,到场”,如:White shows up well against a blue background.“经蓝色的背景一衬托白色更加醒目。”[B]sides with“支持”,常用于人或团体;[C]prevails over“占优势”,如:Reason prevailed over emotion.“理智战胜了感情。”
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】教师和行政人员普遍接受的是一个教育原则或理念,所以选principle“原则,理念”,其他选项不合文意。[A]code“法典,法规,一系列行为规则”;[C]moral“道德,品行”;[D]standard“水准”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据下一句“如果学生不愿意学习(prefers not to study)他就可以不学习”,可判断选项为displeases“使不快”,其他选项不合文意。[B]distracts“使分心,转移(注意力)”,如:distract sb.'s mind from despair“使某人分心而减轻绝望心情”;[C]disciplines“惩罚,控制”,如:be disciplined for arriving late“因迟到而受罚”;[D]disapproves“不赞同”,如:Her parents disapproved of her going alone.“她的父母反对她独自去。”
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】如果学生不愿意学某些课程,就可以允许他们不学那些课程也能拿到学位.[A]convinced“使相信”,常用做be convinced of sth.或be convinced that/to do,不合文意;[B]consented“同意,许可”.不及物动词,不用作被动语态;[D]acknowledged“承认,答谢”,常用为be acknowledged as“被认为”不合文意。be allowed(to do)sth.“允许(做)某事”,符合文意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】通常与attempt构成动宾搭配的词为make,make attempt to do意为“企图/尝试做”,其他选项不合习惯搭配。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据短文,美国的教育模式对学生而言很自由,学生可随兴趣学习,并且不要求学生自律和刻苦,所以选liberal“自由主义的,宽松的”,其他选项不合文意。[A]humane“有人性的,人道的”;[B]generous“慷慨的,宽宏大量的”;[C]lively“活泼的,栩栩如生的”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】美国的教育原则使学生认为他们可以不通过努力就能有所成就,所以排除与文意相反的[B]through“通过”;[C]despite“尽管”,有让步含义,也不符合句意;[D]by通常不跟effort搭配,而常用through one's effort“通过某人的努力”;因此选without“没有……”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[D]与no构成词组no more than意为“仅仅,只是”,如:It is no more than a beginning.“这仅仅是个开端。”其他选项不合搭配或文意。[A]rather than“而不”,通常不与no连用;[B](no)fewer than“不少于,多达”,修饰可数名词,如:There were no fewer than 500 people present.“出席的人不下500。”[C](no)less than“多达”,表示对某一大数目感到惊奇,如:There were no less than 50 wounded.“受伤者多达50。”
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】成为一个有学识的人是一项艰难、费力的事业,所以选enterprise,如:a joint scientific enterprise“一项联合的科学事业”,其他选项不合文意。[A]behavior“行为,举止”;[B]vocation“职业,行业”,强调帮助他人和奉献,而不为赚钱,如:Teaching is not just a job,it's a vocation.“教书不仅仅是一项工作,而是一个职业。”[D]career“事业”,强调长时间追求的事。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文章在对比体力与脑力训练,根据下文的mental和sport可判断正确选项为physical,意为“体力的”,其他选项不合文意。[A]manual“手工的,手动的”;[C]material“物质的”;[D]solid“坚固的,实心的”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据上文的training判断选exertion,意为“努力,尽力”,如:make one's best exertions“做最大的努力”,又如:physical/mental exertion“竭尽体力/智力”,其他选项不合文意。[B]strain“过多的疲劳,张力”;[C]practice“练习,实践”;[D]drill“练习,操练”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】脑力和体力的训练同样都需要付出辛苦,经历挫折,所以选择equally“同样地”,其他选项不合文意。[A]evenly“均匀地,平坦地”;[B]comparatively“相比较地”;[C]thoroughly“彻底地”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】只有克服真正的挑战并付出辛苦才能得到快乐。文中没有涉及[D]dilemmas“进退两难的困境”;[A]trials“磨难,考验”和[C]tortures“折磨,痛苦”也不能与overcome构成搭配,所以选challenges“挑战”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】这句与上一段首句并列,是realize的宾语从句。根据文意:“心肠好的人如果能力不足也应该受批评。”习惯搭配means well意为“心怀好意”,其他选项不合文意或习惯用法。[A]thinks“想,认为”;[B]implies“意指,暗示”;[C]assumes“假定,没想”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】能力不足可表达为inadequate performance,inadequate意为“不适当的,不够格的”,可修饰人或事,如:an inadequate supply of vitamin“维生素供应不足”,又如:He makes me feel totally inadequate.“他使我感到完全不够格。”其他选项不合惯用法。[B]unqualified“不合格的,不胜任的”,[C]incompetent“无能力的,不胜任的”和[D]incapable“无能力的”只能修饰人。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】像这样有根据的、建设性的批评是不会有辱人格的,因此选含有否定意义的in no way“决不”,其他选项不合文意。[A]by all means“无论如何,必定”;[B]in a sense“在某种意义上说”;[D]in any case“无论如何,总之”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】但是,现在很少见这样的批评,rare“稀罕的,少见的”,其他选项不合文意。[A]scarce和[B]scanty意为“供应不足的”;[C]exceptional“异常的,例外的”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】主从句之间有因果关系,所以选As,其他选项不合逻辑。[A]Whereas“然而”,表转折;[C]Though“尽管”,表让步;[D]Unless“除非”,表条件。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】词组give weight to意为“重视”,其他选项不合搭配。[B]measure“尺寸,测量”;[C]importance“重要性”;[D]stress“重点,强调”。