复合题

Because most people do not volunteer to pay taxes or police their own financial affairs, governments cannot influence economic activity simply by asking people to pollute less, to give money to the poor, or to be innovative. To accomplish these things, governments have to pass laws. Since the early twentieth century, governments of countries with advanced industrial or service economies have been playing an increasing role in economics. This can be seen in the growth of government taxation and spending, in the growing share of national income devoted to income-support payments, and by the enormous increase in the control of economic activity.
The large-scale organization of business, as seen in mass production and distribution, has led to the formation of large-scale organizations—corporations, labor unions, and government structures—that have grown in importance in the past several decades. Their presence and growing dominance have shifted capitalist economies away from traditional market forces and toward government administration of markets.
In the United States, government provides a framework of laws for the conduct of economic activity that attempt to make it serve the public interest. For instance, the individual states and the federal government have passed laws to shield investors against fraud. These laws specify what information has to be disclosed to prospective investors when shares of stocks or bonds are offered for sales. Another important area of law concerns the labor force, such as regulation of work hours, minimum wages, health and safety conditions, child labor and the rights of workers to form unions, to strike, to demonstrate peacefully, and to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing.
In other nations, the ways in governments intervene in their economies have varied; however, governments everywhere deal with essentially the same issues and participate in economic activity. Even governments that are reluctant to regulate commerce directly have undertaken large-scale projects such as hydroelectric and nuclear energy developments, transportation networks, or expansion of health, education, and other public service.

单选题 According to the passage, why do governments intervene in economic activity?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】由第一段的Because most people do not volunteer to pay taxes or police their own financial affairs和To accomplish these things, governments have to pass laws可知, 政府之所以干预经济活动是因为大多数人都不自愿缴税或者处理他们自己的金融事务, 故应选A。
单选题 According to the passage, how has the growth of large-scale organizations such as corporations and labor unions affected capitalist economies?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由第二段的最后一句Their presence and growing dominance have shifted capitalist economies away from traditional market forces and toward government administration of markets可知, B为正确答案。
单选题 The author mentions laws to shield investors against fraud in paragraph 3 as an example of_____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由第三段的第一句government provides a framework of laws for the conduct of economic activity that attempt to make it serve the public interest可知, 作者提到保护投资者免受欺诈的法律是为旨在服务公众利益的法律提供实例, 故应选B。
单选题 What point does the author make about governments that do not want to regulate business directly?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】由最后一段的Even governments that are reluctant to regulate commerce directly have undertaken large-scale projects可知, 不想直接干预经济活动的政府都是通过承担大型的项目来实现这一目的, 故应选D。
单选题 According to the passage, all of the following are examples of government participation in economic activity EXCEPT _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由第一段的最后一句和最后一段的尾句可知, A、 C、 D三个选项均有涉及, 唯独B选项的“小型企业经营权没有提到”, 属于无中生有, 故应选B。