单选题
The Type A behavior is characterized by strong
ambition, competitiveness, and a sense of time urgency. Type A's tended to be
engaged in a perpetual attempt to achieve as much as possible in the least time
even though their goals were often unrealistic. Persons With these traits tend
to have a significantly high rate of heart problems, and the standard risk
factors of smoking and high blood pressure are significantly higher in Type
A's. The most extensive attempt to modify Type A behavioral
patterns has been carded out in the San Francisco Bay area, where 600 men who
have suffered heart attacks are participating in an ongoing study. The treatment
consists of a variety of approaches which are intended to modify both the
perception of stress and the reaction to stress. Subjects have
been taught to observe their own behavior to change and manage their thinking a
bout once-stressful occurrences, making them neutral by interpreting them in
ways that do not evoke stress. Thus instead of fuming about the time they are
wasting in a traffic jam, Type A's ought to think about the opportunity to think
over their day's activities. They also have been told to adopt new, relaxing
hobbies that are entirely separate from their careers, and they are learning
procedures that will al low them to modify their physiological reactions through
such techniques as deep muscle relaxation and learning to slow down physical
activity. Still, there is no definitive evidence to date
showing that reductions in Type A characteristics result invariably in a
decrease in heart disease risk. Moreover, it is unclear just which aspect of
Type A behavior is the crucial one, or whether it is a complex of several
behaviors, all part of the Type A pat tern ,that is associated with the
increased risk. In other words ,we still do not know specifically what it is
about Type A behaviors that leads to heart problems, and until we do, programs
that attempt to de crease the risk must use relatively expensive and
time-consuming procedures, modifying essentially all manifestations of the Type
A pattern. Moreover, programs which emphasize the importance of work and
achievement. For these reasons, treatment programs that are designed to alter
Type A behaviors may be facing an uphill battle. Despite the
difficulty in implementing treatment programs to reduce the Type A behavior
pattern, such attempts illustrate quite clearly the role that social
psychologists can play in the treatment of health problems.
单选题
What is the attitude of the author towards the Type A behavior?