单选题
People have wondered for a long time how their
personalities and behaviors are formed, h is not easy to explain why one person
is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is
competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely
interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess
certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear
answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.
As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and
there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The
controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture". Those who
support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and
behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That
our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities,
characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme,
this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that
we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents
of the "nurture "theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed
that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in
determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner sees humans as beings
whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The
behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that,
like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of
their behavior. Either of these theories cannot yet fully
explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior
lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue
for a long time is certain.
单选题
Which one of the following statements would supporters of the "nature"
theory agree with?
A. A person's instincts have little effect on his action
B. Environment is important in determining a person's behavior and
personality
C. Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act
D. The behaviorists' view correctly explains how we act
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题
[解析] 答案可从第三段首句中"... are largely determined by...factors"找出。
单选题
Which one of the following statements would proponents of the "nurture
"theory agree with?______.
A. Person's character is greatly influenced by his environment
B. Behaviorist theory is not correct
C. Biologically based instincts are important in how we act
D. Environment has little to do with behavior
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题
[解析] 答案可从第四段首句找出，... environment is more important than our... act．选项C是对先天理论的描述。
单选题
B. F. Skinner______.
A. supports the nature theory
B. believes in the importance of genes in determining personality
C. thinks the environment plays an important role in determining character
单选题
Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this
article______.
A. supports the nature theory
B. supports the nurture theory
C. believes both are completely wrong
D. thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas
from both theories
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题
[解析] 答案可从最后一段中找出，作者提出“In fact，it is quite likely... extremes”，可见答案为D。
单选题
In the United States, Black people often score below White people on
intelligence tests, with this in mind, which one of the following statements is
NOT TRUE?______.
A. Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to
Blacks
B. Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because
they have a superior environment
C. Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and
environmental nadvantages that Whites enjoy
D. Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior
to whites