Passage 3
For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Green mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections(圆锥曲线), zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.
The most important advances made by mankind come from ________.
根据原文第二段第三句到第五句可知，正是因为古代数学家们觉得圆锥曲线在未来有可能有用才决心潜心研究，最初研究电的学者也不会想到出于好奇而进行的实验会改变未来的技术。由此推理，人类取得的许多重要进步来自于表面上无用的信息。故答案选B。
The author does not include among the sciences the study of ________.
根据原文第一段第一句和第二句“For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).”可知，作者只是谈了自然科学和与历史相关的科学，自然科学里包括了化学和天文学，而人类学与历史相关，因此排除了A、B和D项。故答案C。
In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss ________.
原文第二段第一句明确说到“But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge.”人类必须要保护纯学科知识的主要地位，且原文第二段第三句到最后一句都在举例子讲述许多人类重大进步发明都源自表面上无用的知识或实验。因此可判断接下来的段落应该要讲述纯学科知识研究的价值。故答案选B。
The title below that best expressed the ideas of this passage is ________.
本题是主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章并不是主要讲述科技进步和人类的主要特点，也没有提及学识很危险的话题。因此可以排除A、B和C。故答案选D。
The practical scientist ________.
根据原文第二段最后一句“But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.”可知，现代科学家们如果不对这些食物感感兴趣。这些有着重大意义的发明都不能问世。故答案选B。