In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the     1    half of the 19th century; most of     2    were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S., the day-nursery movement received great     3    during the First World War, when     4    of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries, nurseries were established     5    in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.     6    the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose     7    , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,     8    , Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control     9    the day nurseries, chiefly by  30  them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.