【正确答案】Many experts think that the top priority of the moment in teaching reform is to change the curriculum of studies and the method of examination and that children should not be expected to grind away at their studies and learn textbooks by rote.

【答案解析】[解析] “头悬梁”和“锥刺股”语出《三字经》，是奋发学习的故事引出的典故。如直译对不谙熟中国文化典故的读者来说，可能会带来困难。因此俗语的翻译多以意译为主，即用通俗易懂的说法诠释貌似复杂的句子。本句可译为：We should prevent our children from paying undue attention to textbooks.英语常用grind away形容为应付考试而死读苦读书；用learn...by rote表示死记硬背的学习。此句也可译为：Don't encourage the students to grind away at their studies and learn their textbook by rote.

【正确答案】They have pointed out that the crux of educational reform is to make the whole society realize that the goal of primary and middle school education is not merely for the students to master necessary knowledge but, more importantly, to raise their holistic quality. In particular, students should be taught to think more about such fundamental issues as the meaning of life and their social responsibilities.

【答案解析】[解析] “关键”一词有多种译法，比如heart，core，crux，root等。汉语的“对于……”是典型的主题结构，与英语介词短语“for...，with respect to...，in light of...”等功能相近。如：对千百万穷人而言，这可以使他们由目前的贫困走向体面的生活。For untold millions of poor people, this could make the difference between their present misery and a decent life.
但有时可以把“对于……”和文中谓语动词结合起来，译成“谓语+介词”的短语结构。上句中的“对于人生意义和社会责任这些根本的问题”和谓语动词think一起译成短语think about。再如：
对于触摸屏也是如此。The same is true of touch screens.
对于进入WTO中国的态度是积极的，我们为此已进行了11年的谈判。China's attitude towards the accession to the WTO is positive, and we have been engaged in 11-year-long negotiations.
有时也把“对于”短语中的主题译为主语，如：对于这个主题，我尤其有感触。This theme has a particular resonance for me.
“素质”以及“素质教育”的英译可根据上下文选用相关词语，如：人民受教育的条件和健康卫生条件显著改善，思想道德素质和科学文化素质正在不断提高。
The access of the Chinese people to educational and health care has never been better, and their moral, ethical, cultural and education aptitude continues to improve.(“素质”译为 aptitude)
深化教育改革，着力推进素质教育，重视培养人的创新意识和实践能力。The reform of education should be further carried out alongside with the promotion of quality education, thus improving the sense of creation and the ability to deal with actual things.(“素质教育”译为quality education.)。
全民族的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和健康素质明显提高，形成比较完善的现代国民教育体系、科学和文化创新体系、全民健身和医疗卫生体系。The ideological and ethical standards, the scientific and cultural qualities, and the health of the whole people will be enhanced notably; and a sound modern national educational system, scientific, technological and cultural innovation systems as well as nationwide fitness and medical and health systems will take shape.(这里的前两个“素质”分别译为standards和qualities，最后一个“素质”未译)。

【正确答案】Schools need to conduct in-depth researches in this regard and select appropriate teaching materials and methods, helping to steer the students into the right way of thinking.

【答案解析】[解析] 多个谓词或谓词结构连用(如研究、选择、引导、帮助)，每个谓语都与主语有陈述关系，这样的句型在英语中时可见到。因此，我们根据句子所含的逻辑关系，把谓语动词译为分词结构(helping to steer the students into the right way of thinking.)。

【正确答案】If schools only lay emphasis on the imparting of knowledge and neglect the provision of guidance to the students on how to live a meaningful life, then that type of school education can only produce a batch of robots capable of writing or computing rather than well-educated people who are ready to play their role in society.

【答案解析】[解析] 句子后半句是汉语中的主谓短语作主语(主语省略)，由于主谓短语能表示一个相对独立的语义单位，当它在句中充当一个成分时，相当于英语复合句的主语从句和宾语从句。因此在翻译作主语的主谓短语时，可采用从句对应译法，如：
中国共产党在二十年代初成立决不是偶然的。That the Communist Party of China was founded in the early 1920's was by no means accidental.
我是要去的。她去不去由她自己决定。I am going any way. Whether or not she will go is up to her to decide.
汉语主谓短语在译成英语时，其句子成分或句型有时必须作相应的转换。原句中作主语的主谓短语还原成英语的主谓结构，谓语部分译成了宾语，译句显得通顺贴切，灵活简洁。再如：
中国发展原子科学是为了造福人民，而不是危害人民。Atomic science is being developed in China to bene fit the people rather than harm them.