In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist's desk and asked. "What tribe(部落)is he?" When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, "Then I'll never get the job. " This phenomenon is called tribalism(部落主义). There are more than 2, 000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or old-fashioned customs. However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one's ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group tribesman. To give a job to a fellow is not wrong: it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, and authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager— within a very short time. Tribalism remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life. Yet modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions.
单选题
In paragraph l, why did the young man believe his job application will be refused?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析：逻辑推理题。第一段有When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona，the applicant replied，“Then I’ll never get the job”。求职者一听说经理是马绍那人，就说自己肯定不会得到这个工作，可知能否得到工作跟是否同属一个部落大有关系，故答案选C。
单选题
The situation in the first paragraph is an example of______.
单选题
What might be the common attitudes of Westerners towards tribalism?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析：细节判断题。从第二段To the Westerner，tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand． It makes many people think of savagery，warfare，or old-fashioned customs可以看出，西方人对部落主义很不理解，而且会联想到野蛮、战争或者过时的习俗，因此他们对非洲的部落主义的看法是不支持的，所以答案选C。
单选题
According to the article, which of the following is NOT an evidence of tribalism?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析：细节判断题。答案在第三段，从这句To give a job to a fellow is not wrong；it is an obligation可以看出，D是正确的表达。从it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe可以得知，B是证据之一。从Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain，from clerk to manager—within a very short time可以得知，C与原文是一样的意思。只有选项A是原文没有提到的，故答案选A。
单选题
What would be the future of tribalism?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析：逻辑推断题。文章最后一段指出，部落主义是非洲人生活巾非常重要的部分，但是现在的政治家们公开反对部落分离，可以推断出，虽然部落主义现在是重要的部分，以后随着社会的进步还是会慢慢地消失，故答案选C。A说得太过于严重，还不至于很快被破坏。B选项中的never be changed是太绝对的说法。D选项与原文的意思相反。