"Culture shock" might be called an occupational disease of people who
have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own
symptoms and cure. Culture shock is {{U}}precipitated{{/U}} by the
anxiety that results from losing all our signs and symbols of social
intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we
orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to
say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when
to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and
when not. Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all
or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of
water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of
props has been knocked out from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration
and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they
reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host
country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange
land get together to {{U}}grouse{{/U}} about the host country and its people, you
can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture
shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous
importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the
difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are
remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.
Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects
them.
A. [■] Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign
countries.
B. [■] During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the
new.
C. [■] They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their
language and are polite and gracious to foreigners.
D. [■] This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months,
depending on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be brought
to visit the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview
will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.
But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad
and needs to seriously cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the
second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward
the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty
which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house
troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people
in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help,
but they don't understand your great concern over these difficulties.
Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your
worries. The result, "I just don't like them." You become aggressive, you band
together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways,
and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal.
You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes
the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a
peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which {{U}}caricatures{{/U}} the host country
and its people in a negative manner. The "dollar grasping American" and the
"indolent Latin American" are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second
stage of culture shock is, in a sense, a crisis in the disease. If you come out
of it, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.
If visitors succeed in acquiring some knowledge of the language and begin to get
around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural
environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a "this is my
problem and I have to bear it" attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a
superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to
exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the people and even crack
jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to
recovery.
单选题
The word {{U}}precipitated{{/U}} in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
______.
单选题
According to the passage, what should people do while visiting a
foreign culture?
A. To avoid culture shock.
B. To joke about culture shock.
C. To enjoy culture shock.
D. To adjust to culture shock.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为事实信息题，主要考查考生能否排除干扰选项并抓住文章中阐明的事实和信息。题目问：人们到外国的时候，应该怎么做?根据短文第五段的“This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment”一句可知，外来者适应环境的过程中会遭遇困难，因此D(适应文化冲击)是所要做的。而不是选项A(逃避文化冲击)、B(嘲笑文化冲击)、和C(享受文化冲击)，因此，选项D为正确答案。
单选题
The signs or cues of culture shock given by the author involve all of
the following EXCEPT ______.
A. when and how to give tips
B. when to take statements seriously and when not
C. how to treat sick and injured people
D. how to go shopping and make purchases
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为正误判断题，考查考生根据文章中阐明的信息，判断什么信息是正确的，什么信息是错误的，什么信息是文章中没有提到的。题目问：作者在文章中提到的文化冲击的标志和提示不包括下列哪一项?根据第二段中“Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not”的关键句可知，给小费、购物以及说话得体等，都是显示文化冲击的标志。选项A、B、D文中都提到了，只有选项C(处理伤病人员)没有提及。因此，得出正确答案为C。
单选题
The word {{U}}grouse{{/U}} in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
单选题
According to the passage, when one is in the second stage of culture
shock, one ______.
A. is polite and gracious to foreigners
B. makes jokes about the host culture
C. finds the native people unsympathetic
D. enjoys the customs of the host culture
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为事实信息题。题目问：根据文章的描述，一个人处于文化冲击的第二阶段时，会有怎样的表现?文章第五段的“people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles”一句可知，东道国人“对他们的困难非常冷淡”。这与选项C中所说的缺乏同情心意思相同，因此选择C。
单选题
According to the passage, people in the host country are thought to be
largely indifferent to visitors' troubles, because ______.
A. they are insensitive and unsympathetic
B. they are not fond of visitors
C. they do not mind others' business
D. they consider the troubles not serious
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题仍为事实信息题，是对上一题的进一步说明。题目问：东道国人对于外来者的困难大都表现冷淡，原因是什么?从第五段的关键句“They help, but they don't understand your great concern over these difficulties (他们帮忙，但不理解你对这些困难的担忧)”可知，并非他们不敏感或缺乏同情心，而是不知道这些困难的严重性，因此选项D为正确答案。
单选题
According to the passage, what is the best way to cure him or her when
one is experiencing a nervous breakdown because of culture shock?
A. Referring him to see a good doctor.
B. Asking him to live with native people.
C. Sending him back to his home culture.
D. Letting him stay with people from his home culture.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为事实信息题。题目问：如何治愈一个因文化冲击而精神失常的人?文章第六段的首句“You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes”是本题的解题关键句。该句的大概意思是：你跟一群家乡人呆在一起以回避文化冲击，感情充电这类绰号便出自于这种做法，人称之为陈规老套。由此可推断出选项B、C和D都是可行的，但相对来说，选项B的做法更好一些，而选项A(看医生)文章中没有提到和暗示，因此选项B是正确答案。
单选题
The word {{U}}caricature{{/U}} in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
单选题
Which of the following can be inferred from the third stage of culture
shock about visitors' activity?
A. Visitors begin to learn some native language.
B. Visitors begin to get around with people.
C. Visitors begin to replace aggression with humor.
D. Visitors begin to take a superior attitude.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为推论题，考查考生能否对文章中没有明确阐述但明显暗示了的信息作出推论。题目问：在文化冲击的第三阶段，我们可以推定新来的人开始做什么?从文章的最后一段“Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country”似乎应该选择D，但是仔细分析上下文可知，这种“良好的态度”就是指以humor(幽默)取代之前的敌对态度和行为。因此选项C为正确答案。
单选题
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Culture shock can never be cured.
B. Culture shock can be cured.
C. Culture shock can be avoided.
D. Culture shock is a physical ailment.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题仍为推论题。题目问：透过文章所给的信息，我们可以推断出下列哪一项?文章的最后一句“They are now on the way to recovery”告诉我们，正确答案应为选项B，即文化冲击的问题是可以解决的。
单选题
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following
sentence could be added to the passage. However, those who have
seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can
discern steps in the process. Where would the sentence best
fit?
A. Square Ａ.
B. Square Ｂ.
C. Square Ｃ.
D. Square Ｄ.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为篇章插话题，考查考生能否根据上下文的逻辑关系将特定的一句话插入顺序相连的四个句子中的某一处。根据上下文，第一个黑框处说即使不常见，但仍有人无法在国外生活，此时作者用however表示转折，同时代词those指代前一句的individuals，而且插入句的steps in the process预示下文马上要谈到经历culture shock的几个阶段，因此我们得出正确答案为选项B。后面两处黑框的前后两句的含义紧密相连，介绍刚刚接触新文化环境的人们的行为特征。