阅读理解  Directions: In this part, there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. 


Passage Two 

By the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much. 

Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada's North are important to the country's future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term,  international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea. from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta. 

The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home. 

Moore,who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain; phytoplankton （浮游植物） is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom." 'Animals' behavior can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years," says Moore,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly. " 

A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection. 

Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. "The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they're easier to deploy," he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.

单选题 By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will .
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】

全文翻译：

到21世纪，全球平均温度预计将上升1到4度，这将多雨林、海平面和动物栖息地产生很大的影响。但是在受气候变化影响最严重的北极，温度上升幅度可能会达到平均值的2倍。了解北极变暖会对加拿大北部的居民、动植物以及海洋生物和经济活动产生何种影响对加拿大的未来是非常重要的，肯特说。这位来自多伦多大学米西沙加校区的大气物理学家正在参与一项长期的针对从阿拉斯加到mackenzie沿海海洋生态系统的国际研究。

这项研究将让我们对众多事情了解更多：该地区的海冰覆盖范围，鱼类种群的变化，那些地区会成为石油和天气开采的目标区域，以及对将这个地区看成家乡的原住民的影响。

摩尔已经在北极地区工作了20多年，他在研究报告中指出变薄的海冰和风向正在使得海洋中的食物链发生巨大变化：浮游植物的开花期提前了2到3周，许多动物会在食物充分的时候选择迁移到北极地区，因为他们还没有适应提前的植物开花期。动物行为需要经过很长的时间才能改变，但是气候在十年内而不是百年内就完成了这些变化，摩尔说，动物没有办法这么快就改变自己的行为模式。

由于西北通道在夏天可以通航，同时资源的开发变的更加灵活，问难的北极预计采用全新的技术来收集气象数据：远程遥控无人机。无人机拥有大型研究飞行器的研究能力，同时更加容易部署，他指出无人机可以让研究者比使用人工驾驶飞机时更有规律性地采集信息。


细节题，回归原文：第一段提到“到21世纪，全球平均温度预计将上升1到4度,但是在受气候变化影响最严重的北极，温度上升幅度可能会达到平均值的两倍。”这说明北极受到的影响会更大，故选D。

单选题 To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage,the international study .
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】推断题。题目问的是“根据文章所示，为了更好地了解北极变暖的毁灭性机制，一项国际研究"第二段提到北极的气候变暖会对全世界各个方面产生影响，第三段提到摩尔参加的国际研究会增加人们对这些变化的认识,由此可推测出B项“开创性地追寻气候变化的广泛影响”。A项没有提到;C项陈述一个事实，但并不是了解北极变暖机制的目的;D项太过笼统，同时也不是研究的最终目的。综上所述，答案为B。
单选题 When he ways,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly," what does Moore mean bythat quickly ?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】细节题， 回归原文： phytoplankton( 浮游植物) is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. “Animal behavior can evolve over a long time,but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years, ” says Moore, “Aniamls can’t change their behavior that quickly.”得知动物 不会因为phytoplankton的花期提前了2-3周那么快改吧他们的迁移行为。 故选A. 
单选题 According to the author, to carry our proper human activities in the Arctic .
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】细节题，回归原文 :Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection(69)., 即“从研究中得到的信息将帮助政府、工厂和社团在资源管理、经济开发和环境保护上做出决定。”由此可知，在北极开展的正常的人类活动需要研究中得到的信息来支持，与D项相符，故选D。
单选题 With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will .
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】细节题，回归原文：drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they’re easier to deploy,” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.，即“无人机拥有大型研究飞行器的研究能力，同时更加容易部署，”他指出无人机可以让研究者比使用人工驾驶飞机时更有规律性地采集信息。由此可知使用无人机,可以获取更多的信息，与B项相符，故选B。