问答题 It is, everyone agrees, an extraordinary task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】每个人都认为孩子在学习说话的同时,也在从事着一项了不起的工作。要解释儿童在如此短的时期学会说话这个事实,对人类而言是个挑战。 语言的学习是从听开始的。在孩子开口讲话前,他们每人听的信息量都有很大差别,晚开口讲话的孩子通常是长时间的倾听者。大部分孩子有时候在开口前通常会遵守口语规则,尽管“遵守”这个词很难准确描述出孩子们通常情况下表现出的那种渴望、急切而又欣喜的反应。在他们说话前,许多孩子会借助手势或发出质疑的声音来提问题。 任何试图研究从婴儿发出声音到他们说出第一句话这一发展过程的尝试都面临着重重困难。人们一致认为孩子们喜欢发出声音,在头几个月,孩子们的一两声呼叫被认为是他们表达内心高兴、伤心或想与人交流的特别的方式。但这种现象并不能被认为是孩子们在表示他们有交际的企图,这种声音还不能被认为是语言的早期形式。