阅读理解   Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there are two passages followed by a total of 10 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 


Passage 2

In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.

For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.

In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible. 

单选题 Which of the following best summarizes the content of the passage?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】第一段第一句“In 1977 the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia.”表明第一个女子研究项目的开设。根据第一段最后一句“Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory...”可知，他们的研究方法对产生了对西方理论的重要批评。第二段开始举例说明。所以文章主要是介绍这个采用独特研究方法的女子研究项目。
单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’s studies undertook an analysis ofFreudian theory as a response to which of the following?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】第二段倒数第三句指出“The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean...”，即西方的人格发展模式并没有解释韩国人格的主要特征，这是西方理论与韩国文化间的一个局限。D项“他们对西方女性主义理论与韩国文化的关联性和局限性的评价。”完整地涵盖了第二段的内容。
单选题 Which of the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Korean society can be supportedby information contained in the passage?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】第一段第三句“In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development.”清楚地表明韩国社会对这一项目和对西方观点的看法，即是对国家身份的背叛，是对西方思想的模仿，是对国家统一和经济发展真正任务的偏离。
单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supporters of the Ewha women’sstudies program was problematic to the founders of the program because those supporters _____.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据关键词supporters定位到第一段中间部分“Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines,electricity, and the assembly line.”由此可知，支持者们认为这个项目将基于众多已经被证明对亚洲文化有用的西方观点展开，即对西方理论不加批判地采用。
单选题 Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personality development held by the Ewhawomen’s studies group?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第二段倒数第二句话指出“The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion.”，即“自我”是一种由群体定义和在群体中活动的存在，男性和女性的幸福都是由群体的平衡决定的，而不是由个人的自我主张决定的。在本文语境下，personality是self的同义替换，society是group的同义替换。
单选题 Which of the following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudian theory can be supported byinformation contained in the passage?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】第二段第一句话指出“For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists.”意思是“例如，正如西方女权主义者对弗洛伊德人类心理模型的批判一样，韩国批评认为弗洛伊德理论受文化束缚，但其方式与西方理论家所引用的方式不同。”由此可知，本文认同西方文化对弗洛伊德有所影响。
单选题 According to the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited the program as a threat to which ofthe following?

I. National identity

II. National unification

III. Economic development

IV. Family integrity

【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第一段第三句指出“In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development.”其中依次提到了national identity，national unification和economic development。