阅读理解
Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s? Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on. The "real" answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash? Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market. But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers. In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri' s counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime. The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with "a significant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests." In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare. Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash. The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash' s availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.
单选题
Which of the following cannot explain why cash is critical to the health of an underground economy?
单选题
The government switched one county at a time within states favors researchers because______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段。本段提到“This created a kind of…for the researchers…”，即政府在州内一次更新一个县的系统，这项举措很巧合地为研究人员提供了一个受控环境，以方便进行减少现金使用是否会使犯罪率下降的研究。因此B项为正确答案。A项“减少了密苏里州的现金支付”、C项“帮助将电子转账扩展到整个州”原文并未提及。D项“见证了犯罪率的同步下降”不符合题意，“犯罪率下降”是研究人员的研究结果，并不是进行研究之前政府发现的结果。
单选题
The shift away from cash in Missouri' s counties resulted in______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第七、八段。根据第七段“the counties saw a decline in specific crimes”和第八段“the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash”可以推断出C项“减少了和使用现金有关的犯罪”为正确答案。由“a significant decrease in the overall crime rate”可知A项错误。由“(decrease in)the specific offenses”可知D项错误。由“reduced robbery but not rape”可知C项错误。
单选题
It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】推断题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。根据文中“But…affects crime，perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny．(但是如果能理解现金对于犯罪的影响，也许政府会考虑停用纸币而非只是硬币。)”可知，作者希望政府能够废除纸币，故A项“政府被建议提倡无现金支付”符合题意，为正确答案。B项“美国已成为无现金国家”与本段首句“美国加速了无现金的进程”不符。C项“大多数人通过邮件向朋友寄钱”扩大了人数范围，与题意不符。D项“用维萨信用卡、Square卡以及谷歌钱包对抗犯罪很荒唐”曲解了原文意思，文中用“看起来很荒唐”引出其在减少犯罪方面的作用，故排除。
单选题
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this text?