单选题
It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several people worked together to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it.
Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction, but also permits the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much of the leader"s effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group.
Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.
In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some better solutions will appear. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.
Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than a competent individual does. Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments. When only one among several solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.
单选题
In a group, problem solving needs ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 细节事实题。题干关键词problem solving needs与第二段第二句重现，可据此定位。原文中的the presence of an effective leader与选项A重现，即需要有能力的领导者。故答案为A。
单选题
According to the author, it is easier for groups to reach ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 细节事实题。题干关键词groups，reach均与原文第三段首句重现，可据此定位。题干中的is easier for与原文中的may对应；原文中的a greater number of correct solutions与选项D重现。故答案为D。
单选题
The author thinks that unrestricted suggestions can bring about ______.
单选题
It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 细节事实题。根据题干关键词a group，more efficient in定位到原文尾段。尾段第三句提到social demands和group agreement，与题干内容对应。选项C中的national与原文重现；原文中的economic or military policies被概括为problems。故答案为C。
单选题
According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE?