Passage 1
Thousands of years ago, in the middle of an ocean, miles from the nearest island, an undersea volcano broke out. The hot liquid got higher and higher and spread wider and wider. In this way, an island rose up in the sea.
As time went on, hot sun and cool rains made the rock split and break to pieces. Sea waves hit against the rock. In this way, soil and sand came into being.
Nothing lived on the naked soil. And then the wind and birds brought plant seeds, spiders and other little living things there. Only plants could grow first. Only they, in sunlight, could produce food from the soil, water and air. While many animals landed on the island, they could find no food. A spider made its web uselessly, because there were no insects (昆虫) for its web to catch. Insects couldn't stay until there were plants for them to eat. So plants had to be the first life on this new island.
The passage centers on ______.
题干的意思是：本篇的主题是什么?本篇的主体段落是第三段，前两段简单介绍了火山岛屿的形成，主体段落介绍了火山岛屿怎样从贫瘠之地发展成为一个生机勃勃的小岛。所以，选D。
According to the passage, the island got its first soil from ______.
题干的意思是：根据本篇文章，火山岛屿最早的土壤从何而来?本题所对应的答案应来自于本篇第二段中“In this way, soil and sand came into being. ”而In this way指代强烈的阳光和冰冷的雨水使岩石不断分裂。海水又不断冲刷着岩石。从而形成了岛屿初始的面貌。所以选C。
The word 'naked' (in Para. 3) could be replaced by which of the following?
题干的意思是：下列哪一项可以代替单词“naked”?本题考查naked的意思，naked本意为“裸露的”，这里修饰名词soil，意为“贫瘠的”。所以选D。
The order of coming into being on the island is ______.
题干的意思是：在岛屿上先后形成的是______。根据答案中的选项，主要判断除了岛屿本身的土壤之外第二个出现的目标即可。根据本文第三段第二句和最后一句可判断A为正确选项。
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
题干的意思是：根据短文，下列哪个选项正确?根据上一题，A项不正确，B项文中并未提及，D项根据第三段第二句话，植物是由风和小鸟带来的，所以也不正确，根据排除法，选C。另外，根据第三段倒数第二句也可推出。