改错题
One century ago, in the year before Freud and Jung's famous visit here, American psychiatry was in crisis. There had been hope to treatments like 【M1】______ hydrotherapy and electric stimulation, along with asylum care, but cure rates had proved disappointed. Meanwhile, psychologists had a sense that social 【M2】______ pressures, including a trend toward later marriage, were causing illness rates 【M3】______ to rise. That's why there was growing enthusiasm for psychotherapies, espe cially those involved the revelation of repressed sexual drives. This cutting- 【M4】______ edge treatment—medical, as opposed to already popular religion-based psychotherapies—was not well-developed and widely available, but its 【M5】______ principles were understood at the leading centers. For fifty years, psy chiatry moved on to this track—the elaboration of Freudian principles. 【M6】______ We accept the premise that the active elements in therapy are ""general"" 【M7】______ ones, like the rapport between patient and doctor, then it is little reason 【M8】______ to believe that what we offer today is more effective than what patients receive in the first half of the last century. Psychoanalysis, in imitation of 【M9】______ its founder, became rigid and authoritarian. In response, variant treatments flourished, including ones that found a room for empathy from the thera- 【M10】______ pist, rather than emotional withholding. By the 1970's, researchers counted hundreds of distinct schools of psychotherapy. I loved those middle years— loved to collect odd therapies and stitch their methods into my work.