阅读理解 Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keepyounger faculty members from going elsewhere. 　　It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve"problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actualproblems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of peoplehired--not to teach but to hold meetings--has increased significantly. Every new problem creates anew job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, thecenter is a clearing house (信息交流中心) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses.It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. 　　I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems--class attendance, educationalsuccess, student happiness and well-being--might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( 官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of ouradministrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actuallyknew each other. 　　The teachers must be free to teach in their own way--the curriculum should be flexible enough sothat they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should beallowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at andconsumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are notexclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent andpractice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that peopledo not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell thedifference between their best and worst teachers.

单选题 What does the author say about present-day universities?

A、 They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.
B、 They often fail to combine teaching with research.
C、 They are over-burdened with administrative staff.
D、 They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】全文翻译近来我参加了一些会议，在会上我们探讨了如何留住学生以及确保年轻教职员工不再流失的问题。高等教育似乎已经成为会议举办者的一种产业，其任务主要是“解决”那些或现实或想象出来的问题。(46)我自己在三所不同的大学任教授。在我看来，在教育年幼的或年长一点的学生中存在的真正问题已经日趋严重了，而我们雇用的人数——不是教职人员而是举行会议的人员——却大幅度增加了。每一个新问题都会带来一个新的行政人员的岗位。以我们的“卓越教育中心”为例。与它的名头恰好相反，这个中心成了一个信息交流中心，主要探讨课堂上运用科技和在线课程的问题。这是行政欺诈的一种，这种现象在过去30年中愈演愈烈。 (47／50-1)在此作为回应，我提出一个简单的提议：我们众多的问题——课堂出勤率，教育的成功，学生的幸福和健康——或许都可以通过削减官僚机构和会议，同时雇用一大批好老师来解决。(48)如果我们用优秀的授课老师来取代一半的行政人员，我们或许真的能够将大部分班级的人数降至每班20人或更少。在这样的环境中，老师和学生才能真正地彼此了解。 (50-2)老师必须有权按自己的方式来讲课，课程大纲应该足够灵活以便老师可以利用自己的天分来实现课程目标。除此之外，他们应该可以自由授课，并会因为做得好而得到奖励。老师不应该是擅长科研并且为科研所累，却仅仅偶尔出现在教室里的人。课讲得好与做研究并不排斥，也并非是天生的伙伴。(49)教书是一门艺术和手艺，是天分和积累，并不是随便每个人都可以胜任的。尽管绝大部分当过学生的人都能分辨出好老师和坏老师，让我非常困惑的是人们并没有认识到这一点。详解详析由题干中的present-day universities定位到第二段第二句：And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students hay deepened, while the number of people hired--not to teach but to hold meetings--has increased significantly. 事实细节题。由定位句可知，从作者自己的亲身经历来看，虽然雇用的行政人员越来越多，可．教育面临的真正的问题却日趋严重，这就是当今的大学，由此推断，当今大学面临的问题就是行政人员过多，故答案为C。 A.“他们正有效地解决那些或现实或想象出来的问题”，第二段第二句中指出现实中的问题日趋严重，即他们并没有有效地解决问题，故排除；B.“他们通常无法把教学和科研结合在一起”，文章末段第四句提到“好的教学与科研并不互相排斥”，并未指出大学无法把教学与科研相结合，故排除该项；D.“他们缺乏天赋来解决这些不断加深的问题”，文中并没有提到天赋问题，故排除。

单选题 According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?

A、 Good classroom teachers.
B、 Efficient administrators.
C、 Talented researchers.
D、 Motivated students.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】由题干中的universities lack定位到第三段第一句：I offer a simple proposition in response:Many of our problems...might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( 官僚的 ) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. 推理判断题。定位句提到，众多问题都可以通过削减官僚机构和会议，同时雇用一大批优秀的教师来解决，由此推断，大学缺乏的应该是好老师，故答案为A。 B.“有效率的行政人员”，定位句明确提到要削减官僚机构的数量，第二段的第二句也提到，行政人员数量增加，高校的各种问题也愈演愈烈，因此不应该再增加行政人员的数量了，故排除该项；C.“有天分的研究人员”，文中只提到教学和科研不互相排斥，也不～定密不可分，并没有提到研究人员的问题，故排除；D. “有动力的学生”，文中并没有提到相关内容，可以排除。

单选题 What does the author imply about the classes at present?

A、 They facilitate students' independent learning.
B、 They help students form closer relationships.
C、 They have more older students than before.
D、 They are much bigger than is desirable.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】由题干中的the classes和at present定位到第三段第二、三句：If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. 推理判断题。定位句指出，如果我们能将半数的行政人员用课堂教师来代替，那么我们就可以把每个班级中学生的数量降至20人或更少，而这样的环境才有利于老师和学生彼此真正了解，因此作者暗示目前的班级学生人数过多，故答案为D。本题的其他三个选项，A.“它们为学生的独立学习提供便利”、B.“它们帮助学生形成更亲密的关系”和C.“现在班级中年纪较大的学生比以前多”均未在文中提及，故排除。

单选题 What does the author think of teaching ability?

A、 It requires talent and practice.
B、 It is closely related to research.
C、 It is a chief factor affecting students' learning.
D、 It can be acquired through persistent practice.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】由题干中的the author和teaching ability定位到末段倒数第二句：Teaching is an art and a craft，talent and practice；it is not something that just anyone can be good at．事实细节题。定位句提到教书是一门艺术，也是手艺，教书需要天分和积累，并非每个人都能胜任，故答案为A。 B.“它与研究紧密相连”，在末段第四句中，作者提到，好的教学与研究并不互相排斥，也并非天生的伙伴，故排除该项；C.“它是影响学生学习的主要因素”，文中并未提及，故排除该项；D.“它可以通过持续不断的练习获得”，作者承认教书需要长期的练习积累，但是在本句中，作者也提及教书是一门艺术，需要天分，并非每个人都能胜任，故排除。

单选题 What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching?

A、 Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.
B、 Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.
C、 Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.
D、 Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】由题干中的suggestion和improving university teaching定位到第三段的首句…Many of our problems…might be improved by…hiring an army of good teachers．和第四段的首句：The teachers must be free to teach in their own way．．．to achieve the goals of the course．推理判断题。在第三段的首句中，作者提出我们的众多问题都可以通过多雇用优秀的教师来解决。在第四段首句中，作者指出老师必须被给予以自己的方式授课的自由才能实现课程目标，故答案为B。 A.“创造环境让教师交流教学经验”，文中没有提及，故排除该项；C.“在教室中使用高科技并且促进经验的交流”，作者曾在第二段末提及本来为提高教学水平而设立的机构Center for Teaching Excellence却变成了讨论在教学中使用科技的信息交流中心。由此可见，这并非是作者认为能改善教学的方法，故排除该项；D.“削减会议数量，鼓励行政人员进课堂”，第二段首句中作者确实提到削减会议的数量，但并未提及行政人员进课堂，而是建议多聘用好的教师，故排除该项。