阅读理解 While America's leaders worry about how to curb China's increasing influence in currency, inflation, and trade issues, they are in danger of overlooking an even larger threat—one that could make those debates pointless: China is expected to surpass the U.S. in patent filings this year.
China's National Patent Development Strategy lays out aggressive targets—a doubling of the number of patent examiners to 9,000 and 2 million patents by 2015. This includes both invention patents and utility patents, which cover engineering features. An increase in these utility patents may be even more worrisome.
China is focusing its intellectual attention in the right places, industries like sustainable power and new automobile technologies. It already operates the world's fastest supercomputer and it leagues ahead of the U.S. in high-speed rail development and many forms of alternative energy.
China has made a commitment not only to new ideas, but fast-tracking their ownership. With the country mandating that products not only be sold in China but formed and engineered there, winning the trade war will be difficult.
New ideas are essential because 21st century trade will not be defined by who makes what, but who makes things better. And while the U.S. stalls, China moves ahead. Take American jet maker Boeing(BA), for example. Boeing has again announced a delay of its 787 Dreamliner. At the same time, China announced a joint-venture agreement with General Electric(GE)giving it access to sophisticated airplane technology, including some of the same components used in Boeing's Dreamliner. The U.S. must be smarter and tougher to succeed.
New inventions and innovations will count for nothing if the intellectual property behind these ideas can be copied and mass-produced. China aims to invest in the development of new technology while turning a blind eye to intellectual-property theft. The U.S., which spends over twice as much on litigation as it does on research, needs to do more to get tough on these copycats. As the No. 1 economy, the U.S. must pressure China to rein in patent abuses and expand trade.
China is listening. Recognizing it has a place as a global superpower, it's vowed not to use pirated software in any government offices. Acknowledging the problem is a start, but by no means the end.
Ultimately, it may be in China's interest to relax trade restrictions and open up the market to American imports. The U.S. has signaled that a more conciliatory trade policy is a possibility, but only if China opens up its own market to American products. A little competition will go a long way toward driving new ideas for both countries. The U.S. has shown itself to be an invention hub: entrepreneurial, risk-taking, and hands-on. If the U.S. cannot remain intellectually competitive, a few inflationary percentage points will be the least of the country's problems.
单选题 16.According to the text, we can learn that Chinese patent filings______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】属细节题。选项B主观臆断,文章第三段只是说中国选对了对知识产权的关注重点,如可持续能源和新型汽车技术等行业,并没有说中国的专利申请大多数发生在这些行业,故选项B错误。选项C偷换概念,引起美国忧虑已经是客观事实,而并不是未知的主观推断,故选项C错误。选项D偷加了关键词“quality”,原文并无此表述,故选项D错误。虽然文章之前一直在讲中国在创新和专利申请上所取得的成绩,但是后来也提到了知识产权的侵权事件,故能够推测中国的专利申请不一定都是百分百原创的,故选项A正确。
单选题 17.What China has scored in the field of patent indicates that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】属推断题。选项A偷换了原文的关键词“patent filings”,故选项A错误。选项B的前半部分是正确的,但是“repurpose others’ideas”(改动别人的创意)正是中国政府所不提倡的,故选项B错误。文章前半部分列举了很多例子来描述中国在专利申请上取得的成就,对于中国专利事业的不足几乎没有提到,所以通过中国在该项事业上取得的成就无法推测出中国的创新事业仍任重而道远,故选项C错误。文章一开始就说到中国今年估计会在专利申请方面超过美国,故选项D符合题意。
单选题 18.On which of the following statement would the author LEAST agree?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】属观点题。根据选项A的关键词“containment”和“IP abuses”可迅速定位到文章第七段第二句,从该句可以推测出中国应该在侵权问题上有所作为。根据选项B的关键词“equal”可以迅速定位到文章第八段,该段强调了中国放宽贸易限制、开放市场的必要性,作者想表达的意思就是美国企业应获得和中国企业同样的竞争地位。根据选项C的关键词“difficulties”和“trade surplus”可以迅速定位至文章第四段最后一句话,从该句可以得知美国取得对华贸易顺差的难度不小。选项D与原文第六段第一句的意思相悖,作者认为,如果创意背后的知识产权可以批量生产的话,那么发明和创新就毫无价值,而选项D的意思是批量生产知识产权是把双刃剑,故选项D为正确答案。
单选题 19.The author's attitude towards China's advancement on patents is one of______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】属态度题。考生应快速浏览全文,把握全文主旨,同时留意作者用词的褒贬,进而来判断作者对主题事物的态度。选项A的措辞过于夸张,作者并没有直接反对或否定中国在专利申请上所取得的进步,故选项A错误。选项B干扰性很强,但全文并未用大段文字说明中国专利和创新的进步会给美国带来哪些益处,所以我们无法推测作者对于中国专利和创新的进步采取的是一种矛盾态度,故选项B错误。选项C同原文相悖,作者并没有对中国在专利上取得成就产生怀疑,故选项C错误。阅读过程中,我们会发现一些表示担忧的词汇,如worry、worrisome,文章中多处表达了美国认为中国在专利和创新上取得的进步对美国是很大的威胁,因此作者的态度应该是忧虑,故选项D符合题意。
单选题 20.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】属主旨题。标题往往是对文章的抽象概括,是文章的主旨所在。正确的标题应该统领全篇,不含糊其辞,一眼看上去就能够明白文章主要反映哪几个方面的内容。选项A和选项C都以偏概全,反应的只是文章的一部分内容,无法总括全文。选项D偏离文章的主旨——知识产权。选项B贴近中美知识产权斗争的主旨,简洁明了,故为最佳答案。