【正确答案】正确答案：The Prague School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of function and the theory of phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology.(1 point) The most influential figure in phonology is Trubetzkoy, whose ideas are expressed in his book Principles of Phonology. Trubetzkoy"s main contributions are as follows; ① He showed distinctive functions of speech sounds and gave an accurate definition for the phoneme; ② By making distinctions between phonetics and phonology, and between stylistic phonology and phonology, he defined the sphere of phonological studies; ③ By studying the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between phonemes, he revealed the interdependent relations between phonemes; ④ He put forward a set of methodologies for phonological studies, such as the method of extracting phonemes and the method of studying phonological combinations.(3 points) Another contribution made by the Prague School is that they analyze sentences from a functional point of view.(1 point) Functional sentence perspective(FSP)is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of utterances(or texts)in terms of the information they contain, the principle of which is that the role of each utterance plays is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole. It is believed that a sentence contains a Theme and a Rheme.(1 point)FSP is used to describe how information is distributed in sentences, dealing with the effect of the distribution of known and new information in discourse.(1 point)The theory of Communicative Dynamism, CD for short, was proposed by Firbas. By CD, Firbas means the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the communication.(1 point)

【答案解析】解析：考查布拉格学派的贡献。布拉格学派实践了语言学共时研究，最突出的贡献在于其音位学说以及对语音学和音位学的区别。音位学最具影响力的人物当属特鲁别茨柯依。他的观点集中收录在他的《音位学理论》一书中。特鲁别茨柯依的主要贡献是区分了语音和音位，且揭示了音位间的相互依赖关系。布拉格学派另一个最重要的贡献是从功能角度看待语言，主张从功能的视点分析句子，他们认为一个句子包含主位和述位两种成分。主位是旧信息或已知信息，而述位是新信息或未知信息。 从主位到述位的运动揭示了大脑本身的运动。在研究结构与功能的关系时，费尔巴斯提出了“交际力”的概念，用交际力表示句子成分对交际发展所起的作用。费尔巴斯把功能句子观解释为不同程度的交际力的分布。他认为，句子前面部分承载的交际力最低，然后逐步增加，直到交际力最大的成分。