Passage Two
Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests. Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or even replaced in some cases, by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers. The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management. These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）,” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.
Genetic medicine, which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way, has, until recently, been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease. Recognition that most disease has a genetic component, the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services. In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.
Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties. For some clinicians, particularly those involved in clinical research, these advances are already a reality. However, a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice, perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations, media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed, knowing one’s entire genomic sequence is not the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be, and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype（鼓吹） and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful.
Finally, both professional and the public should have a realistic view of what is possible. Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them.
Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?
【文章大意】
在诸如放射或生化检验等的辅助下，作为疾病诊断和管理基础的熟练记录临床病史 和身体检查仍然至关重要。过去几十年的技术进步意味着这样的检验现在可以通过测量 基因或基因组生物标记被完善或甚至在一些情况下被取代。（源于基因技术的）这些新 的技术能力（经常被称为‘分层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深 刻的影响。
细节事实题。由第一段中“These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）,” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery. （源于基因技术的）这些新的技术能力（经常被称 为‘分层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深刻的影响。”的 对应可知 A 项“个性化医疗将大幅改变行医”正确。B 项“基因组生物标记在过 去已被大幅改善”；C 项“身体检查在微调诊断方面仍然重要”；D 项“记录临床 病史在基因时代不再重要”。
What, according to the second paragraph, can be said of genetic medicine?
推理判断题。由第二段中“In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working. 为了在人群中公平地优化（基因医疗的）好处，医生和医疗服务需要做好准备去 改变和适应新工作方式。”的对应可推知 C 项“它（即基因医疗）使医疗社区适 应性的改变成为必要”正确。A 项“它可以为所有遗传疾病提供解决方案”；B项“它在医生中得到广泛认可”；D 项“它被一小部分专科医生垄断”。
The future of the genomic technologies, for the most part, lies in________.
细节事实题。由第三段中“Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties. 或许，最大的挑战是确保医生 愿意为了更好的效果而使用这些基因技术，以便基因医疗成为主流医学专业的一 部分。”的对应可知 C 项“医生做更好的准备去使用它们（基因医疗）”正确。A 项“治疗罕见病的更大潜力”；B 项“相关临床研究方面更大的努力”；D 项“在 媒体描述中对它们的好处进行更大的宣传”。
In the last paragraph, the author cautions against________.
推理判断题。由最后一段中“Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low. 尽管遗传（即基因）危险因素在诸如心脏病和癌症等常见病中的发现带来了 有关发病机理的重要见解，但是个人遗传变异的预测能力却经常很低。”的对应 可推知 B 项“对遗传（即基因）预测能力的不现实期望”正确。A 项“低估遗传 （即基因）危险因素的重要性”；C 项“在治疗常见病时滥用基因药物”；D 项“生 物信息学意想不到的发展”。
Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分 层的）,” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery. （源于基因技术的）这些新能力（经常被称为‘分 层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深刻的影响。”提出文章 中心内容“基因医疗将对医学产生重大影响”和后续段落围绕这一内容进行可推 知 C 项“基因医疗将对医学产生重大影响”正确。A 项“基因医疗应该是医生们 的主流选择”；B 项“基因医疗对行医构成巨大挑战”；D 项“基因医疗被定义为 ‘分层’医疗”。
【长难句剖析】
1. Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests.
【参考译文】在诸如放射或生化检验等的辅助下，作为疾病诊断和管理基础的熟练 记录临床病史和身体检查仍然至关重要。
【结构分析】句子主干为“Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential”；“as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management”为方式状语； “aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests”为分词短语充当“Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination”的后置定语。
2. These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）,” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.
【参考译文】（源于基因技术的）这些新能力（经常被称为‘分层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深刻的影响。
【结构分析】句子主干为“These new capabilities are likely to have profound effect”； “on the practice of medicine and service delivery”为地点状语；“often termed “stratified（分 层的）,” or “personalized” medicine”为相当于分词短语充当“These new capabilities”的 后置定语。
3. Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties.
【参考译文】或许，最大的挑战是确保医生愿意为了更好的效果而使用这些基因技 术，以便基因医疗成为主流医学专业的一部分。
【结构分析】句子主干为“the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies”；“for maximum effect”为目的状语；“so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties”为结果状语。