阅读理解 For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West's overly indebted and sluggish nations learn from a flourishing Asia?
Just a few decades ago, Asia's two giants were stagnating under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, "The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government."
Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government-following Ronald Regan's idea that "government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem." Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to "big government."
If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the America's problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country's huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal policies as a result.
Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc's larger problem.

单选题 36.What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?

单选题 37.What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying "government is the problem" (Paragraph 3)?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】这句话是里根总统的名言，也被反复引用来强调政府过度干预的坏处。但是本文中的基本观点在前面两段已经非常明确，即亚洲国家的经济腾飞和西方传统发达国家经济的不景气是本文讨论的重点，所以这句话前面的句子：Since the 1980s，America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government—following Ronaid Regan’s idea…恰恰证明了西方国家不断降低政府对经济管理的参与度的原因，合理的推断是他们认为政府只会干扰和阻碍经济发展。故答案为[D]。

单选题 38.What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】2007年美国再次发生历史罕见的经济危机，根据原文第三段内容：Of course，when the markets came crashing down in 2007，it was decisive government intervention that saved the day．可以看出，政府的强力干预是渡过危机的关键因素。选项[A]突出市场的自我修复功能，不符合文章观点；选项[B]虽然提到了政府，但强调的是政府和企业的合作，也不符合原文内容；选项[C]指出去除了政府干扰，显然不符合原文。故答案为[D]。

单选题 39.What is the author's suggestion to the American public in face of the public government deficit?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】根据原文倒数第二段第一句：If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine，they would begin to see that the America’s problems are not insoluble．作者观点已经明确，如果美国老百姓将自己从非理性反对政府干预的想法中解放出来，美国的很多问题就是有解的。之后作者罗列了一些并不会大大增加老百姓负担，却可以明显缓解政府赤字的手段。这些内容总结下来，符合选项[C]的内容。选项[A]和[B]在原文中未涉及，而选项[D]则歪曲了原文含义。