阅读理解 Perhaps the most frequently raised challenge to proposed moral education programs is "Whose values?". Polls (民意调查) consistently reveal that the vast majority of Americans support moral education in the public schools, but when a specific proposal is made in a specific community, it invariably raises concerns about the content of the education. Some mistake moral education for sex education. Others fear it will be a form of religious education. Some fear moral education will be a form of strict mind control. Three basic approaches have been identified in dealing with this issue. The first approach assumes a justified content and the goal of it is to acquire this content, typically highlighting a list of values or virtues that serve as the core of the courses. It proposes to teach the code of ethical behavior, list of values or character traits etc. by a variety of methods. Traditional character education approaches tend to fall in this category. In the second approach, the individual is assumed to have an innate (固有的) tendency to develop into a moral agent; the role of education is to provide the necessary context in which this natural "flowering" can occur. Imposing a specific content is strongly opposed by this approach. The third approach focuses on the construction of moral reasoning capacities, which are understood to be a product of the interaction of innate qualities with one''s experience in the physical and social worlds. Content is largely ignored as the focus is on reasoning structures and decision-making processes. Proposed courses do not support specific content; rather they provide the opportunity to apply one''s reasoning to a variety of contents. Here content is used as the medium for producing development. All three approaches have been "accused" of being too idealistic and they tend to "accuse" each other of the same failing. It should be noted that these positions tend to represent the wording more than the practice of moral education.

单选题 The concerns mentioned in the 1st paragraph center around________ regarding moral education.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】分析判断题。文章第一段只一句话，提出的问题是，如果进行道德教育，面临的挑战是：“Whose values?”第一段对于这个问题没有解释，但是在第二段用具体的例子说明了“Whose values?”指的是：concerns about the content of the education(对于教育内容的担心)，具体包括：Is it a form of sex education，a form of religious education or a form of strict mind control?(会不会变成单纯的性教育、宗教教育或控制思想的手段?)，可见“Whose values?”和教育的主题以及教育所表达的思想有关，答案是D。

单选题 What does the "flowering" refer to in the 5th paragraph?

单选题 What does the 3rd basic approach to moral education emphasize?

单选题 Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A、 The second approach avoids providing moral content and considers content inbuilt and hidden in the individual.
B、 The third approach views the content of moral education as a tool in constructing moral reasoning capacities: a means to an end.
C、 The first approach considers the traditional values to be the priority in their education.
D、 The content of moral education is often challenged.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】综合分析题。四个选项涉及文章的多个方面：A与文章第五段所介绍的第二种方法相关，第二种方法强调provide the necessary context in which this natural “flowering” can occur(提供合适的环境，以便自然发展的过程顺利进行)，反对将“specific content”(特定的内容)强加于人，A符合文章的意思。B与文章的第六段介绍的第三种方法相关，第三种方法强调培养人的道德推理能力，而且provide the opportunity to apply one''s reasoning to a variety of contents(提供机会让学生把推理运用于不同的内容上)，B符合文章的意思。C与第四段所介绍的第一种方法相关，第一种方法强调内容，但是文中未提及强调传统的道德观，因此C不符合文章的原意。D和文章第一、二段的意思一致。

单选题 What does the author mean according to the last paragraph?

A、 Moral education will develop in separate courses set by these three approaches.
B、 The three approaches are not so incompatible, and they may adopt the idea of each other more or less in their own practice.
C、 The three approaches sound appealing, but they fail to live up to it in their practice.
D、 The accusative attitude towards each other of the different approaches is not helpful with the practice of moral education.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】分析推理题。最后一段只一句话：It should be noted that these positions tend to represent the wording more than the practice of moral education．但是它表明了作者对于道德教育现状的态度。这句话的理解难点在于“these positions”。在这一段，“position”的意思是：A point of view or attitude on a certain question(态度，看法，关于某一问题的观点或态度)，“these”指代上文的All three approaches have been “accused” of being too idealistic and they tend to “accuse” each other of the same failing．即：指责和相互指责的态度。因此，我们知道作者对于这些现象的态度是D。