As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a "common law", or law made by courts【C1】______a monarch or other central governmental 【C2】______ like a legislature. The jury, a【C3】______of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an【C4】______ part of our common-law system. Use of juries to decide cases is a 【C5】______feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 【C6】______the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 【C7】______would be obtained using a judge 【C8】______, as many countries do. 【C9】______ a jury decides cases after "【C10】______", or discussions among a group of people, the jury" s decision is likely to have the 【C11】______from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right. Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide【C12】______among 【C13】______ citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government【C14】______that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and【C15】______. Jurors, consisting of 【C16】______numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury. The judge【C17】______to the case【C18】______the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,【C19】______jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the【C20】______under rules dictated by state law.
【答案解析】解析:考查名词辨析。空格处填入的名词和governmental搭配,表示“像立法机关这样的中央政府______”。D.authority可表示“有权力做决定或在某个地区有特别责任范围的人们或组织”,即“当局,当权者”。文中legislature指“有权制定或修改法律的一群人”,即“立法机关”。因此D项为最佳答案。agency一般指“服务机构,尤其是代理或经销机构”;也可以指(提供特别服务)的政府专门机构,如the Central Intelligence Agency(美国中央情报局);organization泛指各种组织、团体和机构;institution多指“大规模的用于特殊目的的组织”,如educational institution(教育机构);或者指各种慈善机构和社会福利机构,均不符合题意。
单选题
【C3】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:考查名词辨析。panel指“一组(给予意见和观点的人)”,如a panel of experts专家组;crew指“(有专门技术的)一组工作人员,一起工作的一群人”;band指“(因为某种共同的目的而组成且有首领的)一帮人”;flock指a crowd,large number of people。而空格所在部分指的是陪审团小组,就被告有罪无罪给出观点的一组人,因此A.panel正确。
【答案解析】解析:考查介词辨析。in,by,after都应与表示具体某个世纪的名词搭配,如in/by/after the twentieth century(在20世纪/到20世纪/20世纪以后)。over接时间名词时相当于during,表示“在…期间”,over the centuries表示“几个世纪以来”,符合语义,故选D.Over。
单选题
【C7】
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析:考查逻辑关系。空格前是一个结构完整的句子juries reach a fairer and more just result,空格后是would be obtained using a judge alone。显然这里包含了一个从句,由空格处的词来连接。前文已经出现了fairer和more just,它们只能和than构成比较级。故C.than为正确答案。整个主从句的含义为:在大多数情况下陪审团比单独一位法官达到的结果更公平、公正。that可代替先行词result,which和as可代替前面整个句子,但代入后句子意为“陪审团可达到更公平、公正的结果,这个(结果)可单独使用一位法官而达到”,显然不符合逻辑。
【答案解析】解析:考查逻辑关系。逻辑连接词的选择需要分析前后两句话之间的语义关系。“______a jury decides cases after“______”,or discussions among a group ofpeople,”(陪审团裁决案件是在一群人讨论后);“the jury’s decision is likely to have the______ from many different people from different backgrounds”(陪审团的决定可能有不同背景的不同人的…)根据分析可知,这里应是因果关系,故选B.Because。Although“虽然”,表让步;If“如果”,表条件;While“当…的时候;虽然,尽管”,表时间或让步,均不符合题意。
【答案解析】解析:考查名词辨析。空格所在句子的意思为:陪审团的决定可能有来自不同背景的不同人的。要填入的单词受到from many different people from different backgrounds,who must as a group decide what is right的限定,既然这些人“能够决定事情的对错”,那么他们的决定一定是有影响力的,因此C.input是正确答案,可表示“影响”。outline意为“概述,略述,轮廓”;outcome一般指“(事件或行为的)结果,效果”;intake意为“摄取量,接收人数”,均不符合题意。
【答案解析】解析:考查动词辨析。空格所在部分应填入过去分词作定语,修饰the judge,其搭配为______the judge to the case。assign表示“分配(某物),分派(工作、任务)等”时,其搭配是assign sth.to sb.;表示“指定,指派;委任,派遣”时,其搭配是assign sb.to sth.。放入文中表示“被指派负责案件的法官”,符合文意,故D.assigned为正确答案。allocate意为“分配…(给),划…(归)”,其搭配是allocate sth.to sb./sth.,一般接事物作直接宾语;allot意为“分配,配给(时间、钱财等);分配(任务)”,其搭配是allot sth.to sb./sth.,一般也接事物作直接宾语;appoint意为“任命,委任”,其搭配是appoint sb.to/as sth.,但其中sth.一般指的是职位,三项均不符合题意。
单选题
【C18】
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析:考查动词辨析。空格处填入的动词的主语是the judge,其宾语是the selection of jurors,即表示“法官______陪审团成员的选举”。C.oversee意为“监督,监视(以确保某项工作或活动的恰当完成)”,oversee the elections表示“监督选举”。由于法官并不直接参与陪审团的选举,因此C.oversee为正确答案。administer意为“管理(公司、组织、机构),治理(国家);施行,执行”;manage表示“管理,负责(公司、球队、组织等)”;preside是不及物动词,和介词over或at搭配表示“主持(会议、仪式等);管理”,均不符合题意。