Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape—and the way your body works—fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?
"It's about 55: 45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins. "
Someone who's 1. 5 meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold. "Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain's Brunei University.
Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. "In swimming only 5 ~ 10 percent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital. "
Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14 - 16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for " performance genes".

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题。根据第三段最后一句“‘Unless you have tactical sense where needed，unless youhave access to good equipment，medical care and the psychological conditions，and unlessyou are able to drive yourself through pain，all the physical strength will be in vain，’saidCraig Sharp，professor of sports science at Britain’s Brunel University．”可知，“除非你有所需的战术感(这里指体育比赛的天才)；除非你有好的训练器械、医疗保障和心理素质，除非你坚持艰苦的训练，不然的话，光有力量是没用的。”这里through pain的意思是通过艰苦的努力，而不是endurance for pain(忍受疼痛)。故选D。