| {{B}}Light Night, Dark
Stars{{/B}} Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night,with no clouds,moonlight,or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer (天文学家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research(UCAR) in Boulder,Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights,he says,they're lucky to see 150 stars. If you've ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you've witessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates(照亮)the night sky. This haze(朦胧)of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night,big cities like New York glow from light pollution,making stargzalng difficult. Dust and particles of pollution factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says,"that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale." Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs. Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring(使变模糊)the faint(微弱的)light give off by distant stars. And if scientists can't locate these objects,they can't learn more about them. Light pollution doesn't only affect star visibility. It can harm wild life too. It's clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There's increasing evidence, for example, that migrating (迁徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. "When light occurs at night,"he says,"it has a very disruptive(破坏性的) influence.' Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers,high-rises,and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year. |