Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Early history of keeping clean

Prehistoric times:

• water was used to wash off     31      

Ancient Babylon:

• soap-like material found in        32          cylinders

Ancient Greece:

• people cleaned themselves with sand and other substances

• used a strigil — scraper made of       33       

• washed clothes in streams

Ancient Germany and Gaul:

• used soap to colour their        34       

Ancient Rome:

• animal fat, ashes and clay mixed through action of rain, used for washing clothes

• from about 312 BC, water carried to Roman         35        by aqueducts

Europe in Middle Ages:

• decline in bathing contributed to occurrence of　      36      

•       37        began to be added to soap

Europe from 17th century:

• 1600s: cleanliness and bathing started becoming usual

• 1791: Leblanc invented a way of making soda ash from      38       
  

• early 1800s: Chevreul turned soapmaking into a         39          

• from 1800s, there was no longer a        40        on soap

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