单选题
Why does the woman go to see her professor? A. To get advice about memorizing information B. To clarify several terms that she doesn't understand C. To get permission to bring her children to class D. To ask a question about classroom procedures
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 1-5 [Narrator] Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor. [Student] Professor Collins. I'm really sorry. I mean... These are my daughters. They're twins. I wouldn't ordinarily bring them to an appointment, but the babysitter didn't show up, and I couldn't leave them. I didn't want to cancel. I hope it's okay. [Professor] It's okay. I have three kids of my own, and I've been in the same situation. [Student] Thanks. Well, this shouldn't take much of your time. I really just have one question. [Professor] All right. [Student] I'm having a problem understanding the difference between declarative memory, and Q1 procedural memory. I think from my notes that they're both examples of...let me see... I have it down here... "Declarative and procedural memory are two broad types of memory circuits in long-term memory." [Professor] That's right. But you need to distinguish between them. [Student] Exactly. [Professor] Okay, well, declarative memory is a memory that links us to a fact. Like a name or a date or even an experience. [Student] So when I remember a professor's name when I see him, that's declarative memory? [Professor] Yes, at its most basic level, it is. But declarative memory also includes problem solving. Like today, when you decided to bring your daughters to my office, you were using declarative memory to access previous experiences and facts that would allow you to make a decision. [Student] Oh, right. I remember your example in class. That makes sense now. You were talking about problem solving by recalling experiences. But wasn't that episodic memory? [Professor] Very good. Yes, it's called episodic memory. But declarative memory includes episodic memory, which is the ability to access prior experiences or personal episodes in our life, usually for the purpose of making a decision or solving a problem. So episodic Q2 memory is a subcategory of declarative memory, so to speak. And semantic memory is just the storehouse of facts, that we have in our memory circuits... [Student] ... which is also a subcategory of declarative memory? [Professor] Precisely. [Student] Okay. Then procedural memory doesn't include facts or experiences. [Professor] Not directly, no. Procedural memory refers to skills that we've learned and are now Q3 remembering in order to... to perform the skill without really thinking much about it. Like, for example, riding a bike or... or do you play a musical instrument? [Student] Piano, sort of. Not really. [Professor] Okay. Well, when you ride a bike then, you aren't thinking about the name of every part of the bike and how to use the handle bars or the pedals... or at least not consciously. [Student] No. [Professor] But at some level, you are remembering how to do these things, so you are using your memory. [Student] And that would be procedural memory. [Professor] Yes, it would. [Student] Okay, then. That's why you said that declarative memory can be more rapidly learned, but it can also be more rapidly forgotten—because a fact can come and go in the memory. But procedural memory takes repetition and practice, so it's harder to unlearn. I'm not saying that very well. [Professor] But you have the idea. Often with declarative memory, you're consciously trying to remember, but with procedural memory, you're performing a skill without consciously trying to recall how... without each step in the process. [Student] That's what l mean But... [Professor] Yes? [Student] Well, I was thinking about language: When my girls were learning to talk... [Professor] Oh, I see where you are going. You want to know whether language learning is declarative or procedural. [Student] Yeah. [Professor] What do you think? [Student] I was thinking that maybe it's both? Because you have to memorize vocabulary, but eventually, it's more like a skill... like riding a bike... because you don't think about each individual word. It's more... more automatic. Urn. Do you see what I mean? [Professor] A very good analysis. I think you've got this. Q4 [Student] Okay. Well, thanks a lot. [Professor] And, uh, if you ever need to ask me a question and it's... hard to get in to see me, just drop me an e-mail. [Student] I thought about that, but... [Professor] Look, I'm always glad to see you, but I answer a lot of questions like this by e-mail Q5 every day and if it's easier for you, that's fine with me. [Student] That's very kind of you. Thank you so much. 1. Why does the woman go to see her professor? To clarify several terms that she doesn't understand—declarative memory and procedural memory
单选题
What do semantic memory and episodic memory have in common? A. They are both included in short-term memory. B. They do not concentrate on each step in the process. C. They are subcategories of declarative memory. D. They are the two major types of long-term memory.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] What do semantic memory and episodic memory have in common? They are subcategories of declarative memory.
单选题
When the professor gives the example of riding a bicycle, what kind of memory is he referring to? A. Declarative memory B. Episodic memory C. Procedural memory D. Semantic memory
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] When the professor gives the example of riding a bicycle, what kind of memory is he referring to? Procedural memory
单选题
What does the student mean when she says this: A. She wants confirmation that the professor understands. B. She is worried that the professor may not be able to remember. C. She remembers something else that she needs to say. D. She disagrees with the professor's example about vocabulary.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] Listen again to part of the conversation and then answer the following question. "Urn. Do you see what I mean?" "A very good analysis. I think you've got this." "Okay. Well, thanks a lot." What does the student mean when she says this: "Do you see what I mean?" She wants confirmation that the professor understands.
单选题
What does the professor suggest? A. He wants the woman to come back to his office again. B. He expects the woman to ask questions in writing. C. He offers to respond to additional questions by e-mail. D. He does not think that the woman will have more questions.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] What does the professor suggest? He offers to respond to additional questions by e-mail.