{{B}}Newcomers{{/B}} When a country is under-populated,
newcomers are not competitors, hut assistants. If more come they may produce not
only new quotas, but a surplus as well. In such a state of things land is{{U}}
(51) {{/U}}and cheap. The possession of it{{U}} (52) {{/U}}no
power or privilege. No one will work for another for wages{{U}} (53)
{{/U}}he can take up new land and be his own master. Hence it will pay no
one to own more land than he can cultivate by his own labor, or with such aid as
his own family{{U}} (54) {{/U}}. Hence, again, land{{U}} (55)
{{/U}}little or no rent; there will be no landlords living on rent and no
laborers living on{{U}} (56) {{/U}}, but only a middle class of yeoman
farmers(自耕农). All are{{U}} (57) {{/U}}on an equality, and democracy
becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which
equality, on which democracy is based, is realized as a fact. The same effects
are powerfully{{U}} (58) {{/U}}by other facts. In a new and
under-populated country the industries which are most profitable are the
extractive industries. The{{U}} (59) {{/U}}of these, with the
exception of some kinds of mining, is that they call{{U}} (60)
{{/U}}only a low organization of labor and small amount of cap ital. Hence
they allow the workman to become{{U}} (61) {{/U}}his own master, and
they educate him to freedom, independence, and self reliance. At the same time,
the social groups being only{{U}} (62) {{/U}}marked off from each other,
it is easy to{{U}} (63) {{/U}}from one class of occupations, and
consequently from one social grade, to another. Finally, under the same
circumstances, education, skill, and superior training have but inferior value
compared with what they have in{{U}} (64) {{/U}}populated countries.
The{{U}} (65) {{/U}}lie in an under-populated country, with the coarse,
unskilled, manual occupations, and not with the highest developments of science,
literature, and art.
【答案解析】此题属于近形词辨析题。confer意为“颁布，授予”，常与on连用；而confer with(sb.)意为“商谈”，例如：The honor was conferred on him just after the war.根据原句意思，土地的占有权并不能授予土地的主人权力和特权，故选项C confers符合题意。选项A infer: infer from/that意为“推论，判断为”，例如：Although she agreed with me I inferred from her expression that she was reluctant.选项B defer: defer to 意为“延期，让步”，例如：(1)Can we defer making a decision until next week? (2)I have to defer to my boss on important decision.选项D refer: refer to意为“谈到，涉及，参考”，例如：The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。supply意为“提供”，此处指的是家庭所提供的帮助，故选项D supplies符合题意。A requests意为“请求”；B deploys意为“部署，展开”，例如：The firm is reconsidering the way in which it deploys its resources. C implies意为“暗示”。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。bear意为“具有，忍耐，负荷，拥有(称号、标记等)”，例如：(1)Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandmother. (2)He had borne the burden of guilt for many years.上文已经提到land is cheap, the possession of it confers no power or privileges，此处又说到Hence, again…little or no rent，所以此处所选的词必定为confer的同义词，故选项C bears正确。A foster意为“养育，培养”，例如：She is trying to foster an interest in classical music in her daughter. B promote意为“促进，增长”；D contribute(to)意为“捐助，有贡献，有助于”，例如：A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】此题属于近义词辨析题。wages意为“手工/体力劳动所得报酬”，常以时间/工件为计算单位，例如：The miner’s wage is usually very high.根据文章内容，开发土地的是体力劳动者，他们的报酬应为wages(工钱)。A reward意为“回报，报酬”，常指为好的行为或工作而付出的报酬，例如：There’s a reward for whoever finishes first. B salaries意为“工资”，技术性较强的职业或脑力劳动所得的固定报酬，例如：His monthly salary is merely sufficient to support his family. D award意为“奖金/状/章等奖品”，通常为正式决定的颁给某人的东西，通常是奖励，例如：Who do you think should win the Academy Award for Best Director this year?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。substantially意为“本质上，充分地”，例如：This model has a few extra fittings, but the two cars are substantially the same.这款车有一些特别的配置，但这两辆车在本质上是一样的。原文此处指的是移民和全体社会成员之间的平等关系是充分的，故选项C substantially正确。A intentionally意为“故意地”；B potentially意为“潜在地”；D consistently意为“一贯地，始终一致地”，例如：The occasional mistake doesn’t matter. but if you get it consistently wrong you’re in trouble.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。reinforce意为“强化”，例如：One of the unforeseen consequences of the reforms was that they reinforced difference between the east and west of the country.改革引发的一个始料未及的后果是加剧了东部与西部的地区差异。根据上下文内容，前面谈及民主的产生在于各社会成员间充分平等，下文谈到教育公民懂得freedom, independence等，这是对民主的进一步强化，故选项D reinforced正确。其他选项：A influence意为“影响”，不够准确；B check意为“阻止，查对”，与句意相反；C reshape 意为“改造”，与句意不符。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。Characteristic = a special and easily recognized quality of sth./sb.指人/物显露出的与其他人/物不同的持续的品质，例如：What are the characteristics of the present situation? 根据句意，下面所提及的是这种行业的特征，故选项B characteristic正确。其他选项：A feature = a typlcal or noticeable part or quality意为“特色”，指某一事物引人注意的部分或细节，而不指性质，例如：A high chimney is the most distinctive feature of the factory. C essence=the inner nature of sth.意为“本质”，事物最基本的必不可少的特质；D fundamental=rule，law(on which a system is based)意为“基本原理，建立系统/结构/机构的基础”。
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。speedily意为“快速地”，根据原文内容，移民很容易获得土地，所以他们成为his own master的时间非常快捷，故选项A speedily正确。其他选项：B merrily意为“愉快地”；C unfortunately意为“不幸地”；D amusingly意为“令人发笑地，有趣地”，都不能说明移民获得土地的快速和容易。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。vaguely意为“模糊地”，根据下文，it is easy to… from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. 可知，社会中各阶层的界限不严格，即比较模糊，故选项B vaguely正确。选项A obviously意为“一目了然地”；C positively意为“肯定地”；D apparently 意为“明显地”。
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。densely意为“(人口)密集地，密度大地”，根据上一句中的compared… with可知，下面讨论的是与under-populated相对应的社会．只能是人口众多的社会，故选项B densely正确。选项A sporadically=happening irregularly意为“零星地，断断续续地”，例如：The volcanoes have been erupting sporadically over the last 10 years. C loosely意为“松散地”；D neatly意为“整洁地”。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。advantages意为“优势”，根据原文，在人口不足的国家里，教育、技能与培训并没有什么用，这对于那些从事体力劳动的人是有好处的，故选项A advantages正确。选项B disadvantages意为“弊端”，与句意相反；C gains意为“收获”，与句意无关；D deficits意为“赤字”，例如：Congress has passed a budget plan intended to help reduce the federal deficits.