Beginning in the 16th century, a more public and "racially" based type of slavery was established when Europeans began importing slave from Africa to the New World. It is estimating that 11 million 1 people were taken from Africa dying the transatlantic slave trade. In the mid-19th century the slave population in the U.S. had risen 2 To more than four million, although slave imports had banned since 3 1809. Most of the Africans sent to the United States worked in cotton 4 Or rice plantations in the South, their status governed by slave codes. Almost 40% of captives transported from Africa to America were Taken to Brazil, where harsh condition required the constant 5 replenishing of slaves. Followed the rise of abolitionism, Britain 6 outlawed slavery in its colonies in 1833, and France did the same in 1848. Brazil was the last abolish slavery, doing do in 1888. Official 7 Policy notwithstanding, slavery continues to exist in many parts of the world. Many of the contemporary slaves are women and children forced to prostitution or working at hard labor or in sweatshops. 8 Debt bondage is in common, affecting millions of people, and slaves 9 are often been traded for material goods. 10