单选题 Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan's car makers. He's a young (34) , successful executive at an internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable income. He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses mostly subways and trains. "It's not inconvenient at all," he says. Besides, "having a car is so 20th century. "
Suda reflects a worrisome trend in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, particularly among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic gadgets. While minicars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is slipping. Last year sales fell 6.7 percent—7.6 percent if you don't count the minicar market. There have been larger one-year drops in other nations: sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 thanks to a tax hike. But analysts say Japan is unique in that sales have been eroding steadily over time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.
Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found a widening wealth gap, demographic changes—fewer households with children, a growing urban population—and general lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their vehieles longer, replace their cars with smaller ones or give up car ownership altogether. "Japan's automobile society stands at a crossroads," says Ryuichi Kitamura, a transport expert and professor at Kyoto University. He says he does not expect the trend to be reversed, as studies show that the younger Japanese consumers are, the less interested they are in having a car. JAMA predicts a further sales decline of 1.2 percent in 2008. Some analysts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation in the automotive sector (already under competitive pressure) is likely.
Japanese demographics have something to do with the problem. The country's urban population has grown by nearly 20 percent since 1990, and most city dwellers use mass transit (the country's system is one of the best developed in the world) on a daily basis, making it less essential to own a car. Experts say Europe, where the car market is also quite mature, may" be in for a similar shift.
But in Japan, the "demotorization"process, or kuruma banare, is also driven by cost factors. Owning and driving a car can cost up to $500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads and various taxes. Taxes on a $17, 000 ear in Japan are 4.1 times higher than in the United States, 1.7 times higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U. K. , according to JAMA. "'Automobiles used to represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modern lifestyle that we aspired for," says Kitamura. For today's young people, he argues, "such thinking is completely gone. "
Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as urbanites book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile, government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $600, between 2000 and 2005, while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1,500, during the same period.
For Japanese car companies, the implications are enormous. "Japan is the world's second largest market, with a 17 to 18 percent share of our global sales. It's important," says Takao Katagiri, corporate vice president at Nissan Motor Co. The domestic market is where Japanese carmakers develop technology and build their know-how, and if it falters, it could gut an industry that employs 7.8 percent of the Japanese work force.
While surging exports, particularly to emerging markets, have more than offset the decline in domestic sales so far, companies are looking for ways to turn the tide. Nissan, for example, is trying to appeal to the digital generation with promotional blogs and even a videogame. A racing game for Sony's PlayStation, for example, offers players the chance to virtually drive the company's latest sporty model, the GT-R—a new marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars. Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex near Tokyo, hoping to attract the kinds of shoppers who have long since stopped thinking about dropping by a car dealership. It's a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving electronics out of the soulless superstore, and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces. It worked for Apple, but then Apple is so 21st century.

单选题 It can be concluded from the passage that Japanese young people
[A] no longer consider owning a car as being fashionable.
[B] tend to be rebellious in their choice of automobiles.
[C] are becoming more reasonable when buying cars.
[D] are becoming more and more interested in owning cars.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】推断题。由第一、二段可以看出，在日本，汽车正失去它的感性吸引力，在那些更愿意把钱花在最新电子产品上的年轻人当中更是如此(the automobile is losing its emotional appeal…latest electronic gadgets)。第三段指出，日本消费者越年轻，拥有汽车的兴趣越淡漠(the younger Japanese consumers are，the less interested they are in having a ear)，他们认为“having a car is so 20th century.”(拥有汽车太‘20世纪了’。)表明对于年轻人来说，拥有汽车已不再被认为是时尚、现代的生活方式了。故[A]为答案。[D]与上述事实不符，故排除。[B]指出年轻人在选择汽车的问题上十分反叛，文章没有提及，故排除。[C]指出日本年轻人在购买汽车时越来越理性，也与文章分析年轻人迷恋最新电子产品，因而对汽车兴趣索然不符，故排除[C]。

单选题 Which of the following is NOT a factor leading to "demotorization" in Japan?
[A] A general lack of interest in cars. [B] A growing urban population.
[C] Costs of owning a car. [D] Decline in purchasing power.

单选题 Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?
[A] Highly-developed mass transit in Japan and less mature mass transit in Europe.
[B] Decreasing spending on cars and increasing expenditure on net and mobile-phones.
[C] Declining sales of cars in Japan since 1990 and a tax hike in Germany in 2007.
[D] The latest electronic gadgets and the booming rental-car industry.

单选题 Which of the following is NOT an attempt by Japanese car makers to change the situation of the domestic market?
[A] Nissan trying to attract the young with promotional blogs and a videogame.
[B] Sony offering a racing game for players to virtually drive the latest model.
[C] Toyota Motors opening an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex.
[D] Apple moving its products out of the soulless superstore and into retail spaces.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题。文章最后一段列举了日本各大汽车公司为扭转汽车销售下降的趋势而采取的种种措施，其中包括：Nissan，for example，is trying to appeal to the digital generation with promotionalb logs and even a videogame，排除[A]；A racing game for Sony's PlayStation，for example，…a new marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars，排除[B]；Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall as… thinking about dropping by a car dealership. 排除[C]。而作者将丰田汽车公司的此项策略与苹果公司将电子产品从生气的大型超市撤出，进驻更有吸引力、交易便利的零售场所的策略相比较，认为二者有相似性。It's a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving electronics out of the soulless superstore，and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces．而[D]为苹果公司对其电子产品销售而采取的策略，显然不是日本汽车公司为促进汽车销售而做出的努力尝试，故为答案。