单选题
已知某国的失业率为14%且处于自然失业率的水平，去年的通货膨胀率为5%。该国的宏观经济政策制定者认为可以通过不断提高总需求水平来使失业率和通货膨胀率保持较低的水平。试根据上述条件回答问题。
单选题
If this country adopts this policy, what are the most likely short-run effects on inflation and unemployment?
unemployment rate inflation rate
① remains at 14% less than 5%
② less than 14% more than 5%
③ more than 14% remains at 5%
unemployment rate inflation rate
① remains at 14% less than 5%
② less than 14% more than 5%
③ more than 14% remains at 5%
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 由于失业率处于自然失业率的水平，从而GDP增长率也处于潜在的均衡水平。提高总需求水平可以在短期内降低失业率，但会使价格水平出现上升，即通货膨胀率上升。因此，本题的正确选项为B。
单选题
If this country adopts this policy, what are the most likely long-run effects on inflation and unemployment?
unemployment rate inflation rate
① remains at 14% more than 5%
② less than 14% more than 5%
③ more than 14% remains at 5%
unemployment rate inflation rate
① remains at 14% more than 5%
② less than 14% more than 5%
③ more than 14% remains at 5%
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 在长期内，失业率不能长期低于自然失业率水平。刺激总需求的政策措施将使工资率面临上涨的压力，从而导致总供给水平下降，亦即AS曲线向左移动，进而使产出水平恢复至潜在均衡水平，而失业率也将相应恢复至自然失业率的水平。同时，价格水平也将相应上涨，即通货膨胀率上升。如图所示，由长期菲利普斯曲线的图形特征可知，较高的通货膨胀率不会使失业率低于自然失业率。也就是说，失业率在长期内将始终位于自然失业率的水平。因此，本题的正确选项为A。
