【正确答案】正确答案：Categorization is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences. It is a major ingredient in the creation of human knowledge, and it allows us to relate present experiences to past ones. There are three levels in categories; the basic level, the superordinate level and the subordinate level.(6 points) The categories at the basic level are those that are most culturally salient and are required to fulfill our cognitive needs the best. This is the level where we perceive the most differences between "objects" in the world.(3 points)Superordinate categories are the most general ones. The members of a superordinate category do not have enough features in common to conjure up a common gestalt at this level.(3 points)At the subordinate level, people perceive the differences between the members of the basic level categories. They have clearly identifiable gestalts and lots of individual specific features.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查认知语言学中的范畴化。范畴化是人类基于经验的异同对经验进行分类的过程，是人类认识的产生不可或缺的成分，它使人类能够把现在的经验与过去的经验结合起来。范畴可分为三个层次：基本层次范畴、上位范畴和下属范畴。基本层次范畴是最能体现文化突显性、实现认知需求的范畴；上位范畴是最具概括性的范畴，各成员之间没有足够的共性构成一个共同的完形；下属层次范畴具有清晰可辨的完形和许多个性特征。