听力原文：
Passage One

There are a few differences in the organization of memorandums and letters. Memorandums and letters differ somewhat in appearance. “To” and “From” replace a letter's inside address and signature block，for example. Further, letters are usually sent outside the organization，while memorandums are usually internal messages. As internal messages, memorandums tend to be more informal and more direct than their letter counterparts. One survey of 800 business people showed they spent from 21 to 38 percent of their time writing memorandums. There must be a lot of executives overwhelmed by the number of memorandums they received. As a result, competition for the readers' time places importance on directness and clarity in memorandums, so perhaps even more so than with letters. Memorandum should start with the statement of the purpose early in the message. Memorandums also need special visual treatment： keep paragraphs short, much like newspaper articles. Computers increasingly aid mid and upper level managers who prepare their own memorandums without secretarial help. If you prepare your own correspondence, realize the importance of dating your messages. Knowing precisely when you recommended, ordered, signed or asked about something often is crucial. Computers often can date information for you easily. Another characteristic that can set memorandums apart from letters is the inclusion of humor. When the internal message is light-hearted and relatively unimportant, humor in a memorandum can distinguish its author as a person with personality and depth. As long as the humor is on target, does not embarrass others, is not overdone, and is not too frequent, it can reflect positively on its author.

Q16：How does the speaker start his talk?

细节推断题。短文开篇提到，备忘录和信函在组织结构方面有几处不同，因此，讲话人是从比较备忘录与信函的不同开始讲起的。

听力原文：
Passage One

There are a few differences in the organization of memorandums and letters. Memorandums and letters differ somewhat in appearance. “To” and “From” replace a letter's inside address and signature block，for example. Further, letters are usually sent outside the organization，while memorandums are usually internal messages. As internal messages, memorandums tend to be more informal and more direct than their letter counterparts. One survey of 800 business people showed they spent from 21 to 38 percent of their time writing memorandums. There must be a lot of executives overwhelmed by the number of memorandums they received. As a result, competition for the readers' time places importance on directness and clarity in memorandums, so perhaps even more so than with letters. Memorandum should start with the statement of the purpose early in the message. Memorandums also need special visual treatment： keep paragraphs short, much like newspaper articles. Computers increasingly aid mid and upper level managers who prepare their own memorandums without secretarial help. If you prepare your own correspondence, realize the importance of dating your messages. Knowing precisely when you recommended, ordered, signed or asked about something often is crucial. Computers often can date information for you easily. Another characteristic that can set memorandums apart from letters is the inclusion of humor. When the internal message is light-hearted and relatively unimportant, humor in a memorandum can distinguish its author as a person with personality and depth. As long as the humor is on target, does not embarrass others, is not overdone, and is not too frequent, it can reflect positively on its author.

Q17：What did the survey of 800 business people show?

细节推断题。短文中提到，一个800人参与的调查显示商业人士花 21％到 38％的时间书写备忘录，故D“他们花很多时间写备忘录”为正确答案。

听力原文：
Passage One

There are a few differences in the organization of memorandums and letters. Memorandums and letters differ somewhat in appearance. “To” and “From” replace a letter's inside address and signature block，for example. Further, letters are usually sent outside the organization，while memorandums are usually internal messages. As internal messages, memorandums tend to be more informal and more direct than their letter counterparts. One survey of 800 business people showed they spent from 21 to 38 percent of their time writing memorandums. There must be a lot of executives overwhelmed by the number of memorandums they received. As a result, competition for the readers' time places importance on directness and clarity in memorandums, so perhaps even more so than with letters. Memorandum should start with the statement of the purpose early in the message. Memorandums also need special visual treatment： keep paragraphs short, much like newspaper articles. Computers increasingly aid mid and upper level managers who prepare their own memorandums without secretarial help. If you prepare your own correspondence, realize the importance of dating your messages. Knowing precisely when you recommended, ordered, signed or asked about something often is crucial. Computers often can date information for you easily. Another characteristic that can set memorandums apart from letters is the inclusion of humor. When the internal message is light-hearted and relatively unimportant, humor in a memorandum can distinguish its author as a person with personality and depth. As long as the humor is on target, does not embarrass others, is not overdone, and is not too frequent, it can reflect positively on its author.

Q18：What does the speaker say is most important in memorandum writing?

事实细节题。短文中提到阅读备忘录的人时间紧，因此备忘录书写直接而明晰是非常重要的。所以讲话者认为“直接而且明晰”是书写备忘录最重要的注意事项。

听力原文：
Passage One

There are a few differences in the organization of memorandums and letters. Memorandums and letters differ somewhat in appearance. “To” and “From” replace a letter's inside address and signature block，for example. Further, letters are usually sent outside the organization，while memorandums are usually internal messages. As internal messages, memorandums tend to be more informal and more direct than their letter counterparts. One survey of 800 business people showed they spent from 21 to 38 percent of their time writing memorandums. There must be a lot of executives overwhelmed by the number of memorandums they received. As a result, competition for the readers' time places importance on directness and clarity in memorandums, so perhaps even more so than with letters. Memorandum should start with the statement of the purpose early in the message. Memorandums also need special visual treatment： keep paragraphs short, much like newspaper articles. Computers increasingly aid mid and upper level managers who prepare their own memorandums without secretarial help. If you prepare your own correspondence, realize the importance of dating your messages. Knowing precisely when you recommended, ordered, signed or asked about something often is crucial. Computers often can date information for you easily. Another characteristic that can set memorandums apart from letters is the inclusion of humor. When the internal message is light-hearted and relatively unimportant, humor in a memorandum can distinguish its author as a person with personality and depth. As long as the humor is on target, does not embarrass others, is not overdone, and is not too frequent, it can reflect positively on its author.

Q19：What characteristic of a memorandum can makereaders think highly of its writer?

语义理解题。短文最后提到，用诙谐的语言书写备忘录是备忘录区别于信函的另一个特点。同时也提到只要幽默使用得当、不过分、不太频繁，就会给书写者加分。