单选题
Robert J. Oppenheimer was a famous American physicist, who directed the
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of the first atomic bombs.
Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge. After
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the International Education Board from 1928 to 1929, he became a professor of physics at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, where he built up large
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of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions
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to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars.
From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served as director of the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills
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him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there
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the year before his death. He was also chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1947 to 1952 and served
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as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position
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his past association with Communists. This action
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the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the dislike of some politicians and military
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for Oppenheimer"s opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb and his
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of arms control. His
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was not really in doubt.
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, efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 the AEC
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him its highest honor, the Enrico Fermi Award. Oppenheimer
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his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on February 18, 1967.