翻译题 The long-held suggestion that Christopher Marlowe was William Shakespeare is now widely dismissed, along with other authorship theories. But Marlowe is enjoying the next best thing—taking centre stage alongside his great Elizabethan rival with a credit as co-writer of the three Henry VI plays.
The two dramatists will appear jointly on each of the three title pages of the plays within the New Oxford Shakespeare, a landmark project to be published by Oxford University Press this month.
【F1】Using old-fashioned scholarship and 21st-century computerised tools to analyse texts, the edition's international scholars have contended that Shakespeare's collaboration with other playwrights was far more extensive than has been realised until now.
【F2】The life of Christopher Marlowe has long been studied carefully for evidence that he wrote a handful of William Shakepeare's works. The scholar JB Steane said in 1969 there were so many rumours it would be absurd to dismiss them all as part of the "Marlowe Myth".
Few undisputed facts exist about the playwright's life, but he was baptised in Canterbury on 26 February 1564. The son of a shoemaker, Marlowe attended the King's school in Canterbury before being awarded a scholarship to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he received his BA degree in 1584.
【F3】Marlowe took lengthy absences and the university was about to refuse him a master's degree when, in 1587, the Privy Council (美国枢密院) wrote to compliment his "good service" to the Queen on "matters touching the benefit of his country". The letter prompted the theory that he had been a secret agent for Elizabeth I's "spymaster", Sir Francis Walsingham.
His plays were wildly popular for the brief period that he was on the Elizabethan literary scene. 【F4】His death in May 1593, aged 29, has provoked years of speculation, from the Queen ordering his assassination because of his atheism (无神论), to his being killed by a love rival.
In 1925, the scholar Leslie Hotson published the coroner's report in his book The Death of Christopher Marlowe. Witnesses testified that he was stabbed in the eye during a fight over payment of a bill and died instantly. 【F5】The document did not end speculation, with some supporting the theory that the dramatist faked his death and continued to write as Shakespeare.
问答题 6.【F1】
【正确答案】通过利用老派的学术研究以及21世纪计算机工具来分析文本，负责《新牛津莎士比亚作品集》的国际学者坚信，莎士比亚和其他戏剧家的合作非常广泛，远比我们目前已发现的要多。
【答案解析】①本句是包含一个非谓语结构和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。using old-fashioned scholarship…是由现在分词短语构成的非谓语结构，充当主句的方式状语，to analyse texts表示目的。②主句是一个简单的主谓宾结构，宾语由that引导的从句充当。③宾语从句是主系表结构，主语的中心词是collaboration。表语部分包含比较结构far more extensive than…，将莎士比亚实际上与他人共同创作的作品数量与目前已发现的数量进行对比。此处than后面省略了Shakespeare's collaboration with other playwrights，而has been realised until now是对其修饰的定语从句。
问答题 7.【F2】
【正确答案】人们一直以来对克里斯托弗-马洛的生平进行细致研究，以求找到证据去证明他参与过一些莎士比亚作品的创作。
【答案解析】①本句是包含一个同位语从句的主从复合句。主句是一个主谓结构的被动句，转换为主动句应该是People has long studied the life of Christopher Marlowe carefully。②evidence后接同位语从句，说明了evidence的具体内容。该同位语从句为主谓宾结构，其中引导词that在从句中不充当任何成分。
问答题 8.【F3】
【正确答案】1587年，因为马洛长期缺课，学校打算拒绝授予他硕士学位。因此，英国枢密院写信给校方，赞扬马洛为“关乎国家利益的问题”效力女王的“良好服务”行为。
【答案解析】①本句是并列复合句，包含一个时间状语从句。主句为and连接的两个并列分句；分句1是主谓宾结构，分句2是主谓双宾结构。②时间状语从句为主谓结构。其中引导词when和主语the Privy Council之间的in 1587是插入语，说明具体时间点。to compliment his…是目的状语，说明谓语wrote的目的。
问答题 9.【F4】
【正确答案】他于1593年5月去世，年仅29岁。他的死引发了多年的猜测，有人认为马洛因为是无神论者而被女王下令暗杀；有人则认为他是被情敌所杀。
【答案解析】①本句是简单句。主干是His death has provoked years of speculation。主语后接一个时间状语和一个插入语，说明马洛去世的时间与当时的年龄。②from…to…意为“从……到……”，连接两个独立主格结构作句子的状语，是对宾语speculation“猜测”的具体阐释。第一个独立主格结构是主动语态，第二个独立主格结构则是被动语态。
问答题 10.【F5】
【正确答案】然而，这份报告并没有终止外界的猜测，因为有人认为马洛假死后以莎士比亚之名进行创作。
【答案解析】①本句是包含一个同位语从句的主从复合句。主句是一个简单的主谓宾结构，speculation后接由with引导现在分词supporting构成的伴随状语。②that引导的同位语从句是对theory内容的具体说明。该从句中，主语the dramatist即指剧作家马洛，从句有两个并列谓语faked和continued to write，as Shakespeare是方式状语。