单选题
Urbanization and Its Influence

Over half the world's people now live in cities. The latest "Global Report on Human Settlements" says a significant change took place last year. The report {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.
A century ago, {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}than five percent of all people lived in cities. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}six and a half billion people.
Already three-fourths of people in {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}countries live in cities. Now most urban population {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}is in the developing world.
Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress, but also put {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}on cities to provide housing and {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}by social divisions and differences in {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, could result in violence and crime unless cities plan better.
Another issue is urban sprawl (无序展的城区). This is where cities {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}quickly into rural areas, sometimes {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}a much faster rate than urban population growth.
Sprawl is common in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}cities to smaller ones. He sees a {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}toward "de-urbanization" across the nation.
单选题
  • A. came on
  • B. came over
  • C. came off
  • D. came out
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] come out:出版、发表;come on:开始、接着来;come over:过来、顺便来访;come off:结果、脱落。这里指发表报告。所以选D。
单选题
  • A. more
  • B. less
  • C. other
  • D. rather
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 这句话的意思是:一个世纪前,世界人口应该是非常少。所以选less,即少于5%。
单选题
  • A. By
  • B. Along
  • C. Through
  • D. To
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] along:沿着;through:通过、穿过。表示时间的节点用by。“by the middle of this century”,意思是“到本世纪中叶”。
单选题
  • A. really
  • B. ever
  • C. barely
  • D. almost
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] barely:几乎不、几乎没有。表示大约的人口数,用“almost”,差不多。
单选题
  • A. flourishing
  • B. thriving
  • C. developed
  • D. fertile
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 前面应该是和后面的比较,后面用“developing world”,所以此处填“developed”。flourishing:繁荣的、茂盛的;thriving:旺盛的、蒸蒸日上的;fertile:肥沃的、富饶的、多产的。
单选题
  • A. extension
  • B. raise
  • C. addition
  • D. growth
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 从上下文判断,这里指城市人口的增加。extension:扩展;raise:上升、加薪,它不和population搭配使用。addition:添加、增加,不可用来修饰人口,所以选growth。
单选题
  • A. pressure
  • B. restraint
  • C. load
  • D. weight
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] “put pressure on”是固定搭配,表示“给压力”;restraint:约束、抑制;load:承载,负荷;weight:重量。
单选题
  • A. surroundings
  • B. concerns
  • C. communities
  • D. services
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 此处指提供住所和服务,即service。surroundings:环境、生活环境;concerns:关注、关心;communities:社区、团体。
单选题
  • A. onto
  • B. around
  • C. into
  • D. upon
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 此处意思是“迁入城市”,move into是正确的搭配。around:围绕、环绕。
单选题
  • A. pulled
  • B. drawn
  • C. driven
  • D. pressed
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 这句话的意思是:“受社会财富的分配和差异的驱使,社会变得越来越不公平。”所以用driven,和后面的“by”构成被动语态。pressed:重压;drawn:吸引;pulled:拖、拉。
单选题
  • A. situation
  • B. treasure
  • C. wealth
  • D. category
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 此处指社会财富的不均。社会财富的正确搭配是“social wealth”。situation:情景;treasure:财宝、珍宝;category:分类、范畴。
单选题
  • A. expand
  • B. invade
  • C. split
  • D. enlarge
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本句话的意思是:“城市的扩张”,用expand恰当。invade:入侵、侵略;split:分裂;enlarge:扩大、放大。
单选题
  • A. in
  • B. with
  • C. beyond
  • D. at
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 表示速度用“at the rate”。beyond:超过、超越。
单选题
  • A. essential
  • B. primitive
  • C. prior
  • D. major
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 在逆城市化的进程中,人们从大城市搬往小城市,4个单词中只有“major”表示“重要的、大的”意思。essential:基本的、本质的;primitive:原始的、粗糙的;prior和to搭配,表示“在……之前”。
单选题
  • A. trend
  • B. direction
  • C. style
  • D. path
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 此处是一种“de-urbanization”的发展趋势,trend意思正确。direction:指示、方向;style:风格。