单选题 Deflation is an economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed (1) , it constitutes an analysis of the (2) underlying inflation and deflation. As (3) by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish (4) David Hume in the 18th century, and (5) , it was a weapon (6) the mercantilists, who were thought to equate wealth with money. If the (7) of money by a nation merely raised (8) , argued the quantity theorists, then a "favourable" balance of trade, (9) desired by mercantilists, would increase the supply of money but would not in-crease (10) . In the 19th century the quantity theory (11) to the ascendancy of free trade over protectionism. In the 19th and 20th centuries it played a part in the (12) of business cycles and in the theory of foreign (13) rates.
The (14) theory came under attack during the 1930s, (15) monetary expansion seemed ineffective in combating deflation. Economists argued that the levels of investment and government spending were more important than the money supply in determining economic activity.
The tide of opinion (16) again in the 1960s, when experience (17) post-World WarⅡ inflation and new empirical (18) of money and prices— (19) A Monetary History of the United States (1963) by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz—restored much of the quantity theory' s lost prestige. One implication of this theory is that the size of the stock of money must be considered when shaping governmental policies (20) to control prices and maintain full employment.

单选题 [A] form [B] shape [C] figure [D] appearance

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。[A] form意为“形状，形态，外形，形式”；[B] shape意为“形状”；[C] figure意为“外形轮廓”；[D] appearance意为“出现，露面，表现”。 [A]、[B]、[C]均有形状的意思，但同时存在微小的区别：shape为具体物体的形状；figure为人体的形状；form为抽象事物的形式，考虑到主语为抽象经济概念，能用于抽象概念的是[A]。

单选题 [A] causes [B] factors [C] facts [D] parts

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。[A] causes意为“原因”；[B] factors意为“因素”；[C] facts意为“事实”；[D] parts意为“部分”。根据修饰成分underlying inflation and deflation，可以首先排除选项[C]和[D]；同时，根据上下文分析，文章并没有探讨产生deflation的原因，而是探讨价格和货币量的关系，而二者是产生deflation的因素，所以正确选项为[B]。

单选题 [A] discovered [B] discussed [C] reported [D] developed

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。[A] discovered意为“发现”；[B] discussed意为“讨论”；[C] reported意为“报道”；[D] developed意为“发展，揭露”。难点是[A]、[D]的辨析，[A]被发现动作的发出者应该是一个人，或者是同一个时代的几个人，而不能接一个17世纪的人和一个18世纪的人，所以正确答案只能是[D]。

单选题 [A] scientist [B] philosopher [C] professor [D] thinker

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：前后呼应。[A] scientist意为“科学家”；[B] philosopher意为“哲学家”：[C] professor意为“教授”；[D] thinker意为“思想者”。这是典型的前后呼应题，根据上文的by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century，知道正确答案是[B]。

单选题 [A] others [B] the other [C] another [D] other

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：代词辨析。[A] others可以表示其他人复数概念；[B] the other常和one连用，one…the other表示“一个，另一个”；[C] another意为“另一个，另一个人”；[D] other意为“其他的，其中”。[B]、[C]和[D]都需要连接其他名词一起使用，而本题后面已经没有其他成分了，所以[B]、[C]、[D]可以直接被排除；答案只能是[A]，表示其他人的复数概念。

单选题 [A] for [B] against [C] by [D] with

单选题 [A] accumulation [B] earn [C] spending [D] disposal

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：of结构，考查动宾关系。[A] accumulation意为“积累，堆积物”；[B] earn意为“获得”；[C] spending意为“花费”；[D] disposal意为“处理，通过”。分析此题的结构，正确选项应与逻辑宾语money相搭配，可以排除选项[D]和选项[B]。根据下文的语意，raise prices对于一个国家而言应该是积累财富，对于人民来说才是花钱，所以可以划定正确选项是[A]。

单选题 [A] amounts [B] prices [C] levels [D] ranges

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。[A] amounts意为“数量”；[B] prices意为“价格”；[C] levels意为“水平”；[D] ranges意为“范围”，是迷惑选项。本题考查的名词做宾语成分，所以，在解题时，谓语动词是重要的解题线索。该选项的谓语动词是raise，而能与之搭配的只有[A]、[B]选项；另外，根据文章主题，主要探讨经济问题，所以可以判定[B]为正确答案，符合文章主旨。

单选题 [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：连词辨析。[A] 选项since，可以做介词，但后面必须跟名词；乜可以做连词表示“因为”，但后面必须跟主谓俱全的从句，因此可以排除。[B] 选项if引导条件从句，但整个句子开头已经有了“If”引导条件，不能逻辑上再次重复，因此叮以排除。[C]选项表示“在……之前”，要么做介词后面加名词，要么引导从句，后面接主谓成分，故可以排除。 [D]选项as除了引导原因状语和时间状语之外，经常用于“as expected/desired by sb”等结构，表示“正如……所料、所期待的那样”，满足本题的需要，故入选。

单选题 10 [A] wage [B] salary [C] wealth [D] pay

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：前后呼应。[A] wage意为“工资”；[B] salary意为“薪水”；[C] wealth意为“财富”；[D] pay意为“薪水，工资”。这是典型的前后呼应题，根据上文的who were thought to equate wealth with money可判定正确的答案为[C]。

单选题 [A] accesses [B] contributed [C] pointed [D] explained

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：动词。[A] accesses to意为“有权使用”；[B] contributed to，意为“捐献，贡献”；[C] pointed to意为“指向”；[D] explained意为“解释，说明”。正确答案只能搭配to，所以可以排除[D]；同时，该选项的主语为theory，宾语为the ascendancy of free trade，结合含义，正确答案为[B]。

单选题 [A] analysis [B] thought [C] preservation [D] existence

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：of结构+对应成分。[A] analysis意为“分析”；[B] thought意为“想法”；[C] preservation意为“保存”；[D] existence意为“存在”。根据对应词 and可以判断该选项应该和theory在语意上相对应，因此可以排除[C]、[D]选项；逻辑上，该选项和经济循环要构成合理的动宾搭配，故答案为[A]选项。

单选题 [A] change [B] exchange [C] communication [D] alter

单选题 [A] number [B] quantity [C] quality [D] figure

单选题 [A] where [B] what [C] when [D] which

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：连词辨析。通过从句与主句间有逗号间隔，且并未修饰前面先行词及全句，可以判定该从句为状语从句，所以首先排除选项[B]、[D]；另外，通过对主从句逻辑分析，可以判定从句为时间状语从句，所以正确答案为[C]。

单选题 [A] reversed [B] occurred [C] emerged [D] finished

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。[A] reversed意为“颠倒”；[B] occurred意为“发生”；[C] emerged意为“出现”；[D] finished意为“结束”。again说明此处的动词应该跟上文一致，前面提到了思潮的颠倒，此处还应是思潮的颠倒，所以正确答案是[A]选项。

单选题 [A] by [B] for [C] since [D] with

单选题 [A] studies [B] discovers [C] findings [D] questions

单选题 [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：连词辨析。[A] similar to意为“相似”；[B]such as意为“例如”；[C] along with意为“连同……一起”；[D]aside from意为“除……以外”。空格前后是举例关系，所以正确答案是[B]选项。

单选题 [A] measured [B] pointed [C] led [D] meant

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。具体在文中的用法是“过去分词后置做定语”。还原成完整的句子时应该是这样的：The government polices are ______ to control prices and maintain full employment．正确答案需要满足以下条件：该动词可以与“to do”搭配，并且用在被动态中。[A] measure意为“测量”，后面不与“to do”搭配，可以排除；[B] point to意为“指向”，被动态表示“被指向……”，但这里的to是介词而不是不定式to do结构，可以排除； [C]lead to意为“导致”，但to同样也是介词，不是to do结构，可以排除。[D] mean to do意为“打算做某事”，通常用于被动语态，表示“目的是……”，满足条件，故入选。