阅读理解 Worries of Writers
It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.
I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers' opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we' re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.
Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas [ known as "mentalese" (心理语) ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦) , writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.
When people write as if some strict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

单选题 1.If you want to create a better writing, you should rewrite for many times.

单选题 2.What you have written at the early stage is often forgotten so the writers need to read it again and again.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】题干要求判断早期写出的东西是否常常会被忘记所以作家需要反复地读。文章第一段中提到了“But in order to work up the desire to rewrite，it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage”，意思是“为了激发对改写文章的兴趣，学着喜欢你早期写的东西是很重要的”，但是并没有告诉我们早期写出的东西常常会被忘记，所以作家需要反复地读。因此，无法判断题干是否正确。

单选题 3.All the famous writers love reading their own writing and the publishers' opinions.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】题干要求判断知名的作家是否都喜欢读自己写的东西和出版商的意见。文章中第二段谈到了这个细节，这些知名作家“so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’opinions”，这和题干中的表述正好相反，所以题干是错误的。

单选题 4.When you first begin to write, your minds and ideas seem quite thin and plain.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】隧题干要求判断刚开始写的时候你的想法和观点是否很局限和简单。第二段提到“the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down”，意思是“在刚开始写的时候，我们脑子中的想法是非常局限和简单的”，所以题干中的信息是正确的。

单选题 5.We usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language, just like the popular belief.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】题干要求判断我们是否像流行观念那样通常用普通语言中的词汇和句子来思考。第三段第一句话就提到“Different from popular belief，we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language”。而题干中的信息是“我们常常用普通语言中的词和句子来思考”，所以题干表述是错误的。

单选题 6.When we write down our ideas, what we do is just like weaving, one thread at a time.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】题干要求判断当我们把想法记下来时我们所做的是否像织布一样每次一条线。我们可以在第三段中找到原句“writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language…writing can only be composed one thread at a time”，所以可以判断题干是正确的。

单选题 7.Our first attempt at expressing ideas is always very complex.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】题干要求判断我们第一次尝试表达的观点是否通常都是非常复杂的。第三段讲到了作家创作作品时的思维过程，提到了“Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple”，意思是“因此，我们第一次尝试表达观点应该是很简单的，对此不应该感到吃惊”。所以题干表述是错误的。

单选题 8.Some strict critics like to look over the writer' s shoulders.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】题干要求判断一些苛刻的批评家是否喜欢监视作家的写作。最后一段提到了当人们进行写作时“as if some strict critics are looking over their shoulder”，但是并没有告诉我们这些苛刻的，批评家是否喜欢监视作家的写作，所以无法判断题干是否正确。

单选题 9.At the first stage, the writers should think every idea and every word are wonderful and worth putting all down.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】题干要求判断在第一阶段作家是否应该认为每个想法和每个词语都是很棒的并值得把它们都记录下来。最后一段中作者提到了一个建议，应该把写作分为两个阶段。在第一个阶段，“we should see every idea，as well as the words we use to express it，as wonderful and worth putting down”，意思是“我们应该认为每个想法，以及我们用来表达这个想法的每个词语都是很棒的，并值得把它们都记下来”，所以题干是正确的。

单选题 10.At the second stage, the writers should rewrite and put more new ideas into the writing.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】题干要求判断在第二个阶段作家是否应该改写文章并在文章中加入更多新的想法。文章最后一句提到，在第二个阶段，“we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses”，也就是说，我们应该检查第一阶段写的内容和错误的地方，而不用再加入更多新的想法，所以题干是错误的。