【正确答案】正确答案：(1) Speech presentation: Direct speech (DS): With the direct speech, what the character said is in its fullest form and with quotation marks. Indirect speech (IS): The prepositional content of what the speaker said is presented, but it is not stated in the original words. Narrator's representation of speech acts (NRSA) : We don' t know what the speaker said, and all we know is that he used the speech act of doing something. It can be regarded as a summary of a longer piece of discourse and give more background information than indirect speech. Narrator's representation of speech (NRS): It is a sentence which merely tells us that speech occurred, and which does not even specify the speech act involved. (2) Thought presentation: The categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech. Direct thought (DT): DT tends to be used for presenting conscious, deliberative thought. Free indirect thought (FIT): It refers to a kind of thought presentation between DT and IT, which is certainly not DT, but takes on some features of the thoughts in the character's mind.