Justice in society must include both a fair trail to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punish-ment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier ex-pressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression "an eye for aneye, and a tooth for a tooth". That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense againstsociety. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only byimposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many partsof the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penaltyfor a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealistHegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crimehe had committed.The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do some-thing that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing lessthan giving up his own life will pay his debt. The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes thecriminal and it should not deny him what he deserves.
Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective ( 改造式的)justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way toexpress it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is inhim. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers ofcrime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get with him. Therefore, his conviction ofcrime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means__________ .
细节理解题。根据“an eye for an eye，and a tooth for a tooth”的意思“以眼还眼，以牙还牙，，可知，《圣经》提倡给予犯罪的人应有的惩罚，只有B项符合题意。所以答案为B。
The result of deserved-punishment justice is__________ .
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it is necessary to do something that will eliminate thisdenial and restore the selfthat has been denied’’可知，法律制裁是为了让犯罪分子恢复到犯罪之前的自己。所以答案为D。
In the sentence: "society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime hehad committed" the underlined part can be interpreted as: society__________ .
细节理解题。句意：社会有责任让犯罪分子得到应有的惩罚。所以答案为B。
The main difference between deserved-punishment and corrective justice is__________ .
细节理解题。deserved-punishment强调犯罪分子受到的惩罚应该与其犯罪程度等值，而corrective justice重在对犯罪分子进行拯救。所以答案为D。
Compared with the old justice concept, modern law as shown in this passage is__________ .
推理判断题。根据“justice is to heal the individual，not simply to get even with him”可知，现代法律制裁是为了拯救人们，而不是让人们复仇。所以答案为A。vengeful意为“复仇的”：effective意为“有效的”；just作形容词时意为“公平的”；reasonable意为“合理的”。