单选题 Florence Nightingale was a woman ahead of time. Before the nineteenth century, the profession of nursing was largely untrained. Midwives were the only practitioners who had any training at all. For the most part, sick people were looked after by the women of the house in their own homes.
Florence Nightingale began a school in London, England to set the standards for nursing. She was able to do this because she had already established a reputation for her work with soldiers during the Crimean War. She carried a lamp above her head as she walked among the wounded men, thereby earning the nickname "the lady with the lamp. " It was this great lady who lit the way for nursing to become the respected profession it is today.

单选题 The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the impact of nursing on the soldiers of the Crimean War
B. Florence Nightingale and her influence on the profession of nursing
C. the difference between nurses and midwives
D. How Florence Nightingale earned the nickname "the lady with the lamp/
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 这篇短文主要介绍弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔及其对护理行业的影响。作者在第一段第一句说,弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔是一位在她那个时代处于领先地位的女性。作者又在第二段开头两句说,弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔在英国伦敦创立了一所学校,目的是为护理专业制定标准。她能这样做,因为她在克里米亚战争期间因护理士兵而获得声誉。
单选题 Which of the following was a method most people used to receive care before Florence Nightingale's time?
A. They would be cared for only by doctors.
B. They would be cared for by their children.
C. They were largely left uncared for.
D. They were cared for by female relatives.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 在弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的时代以前,人们常用以下哪种方法接受护理?他们受到女亲戚的护理。第一段最后一句说,在大多数情况下,病人由家里的女亲戚护理。
单选题 The style of the passage is most like that found in a(n) ______.
A. personal letter to a trusted friend
B. anthology of short biographies of famous women
C. history of nineteenth-century England
D. textbook on medicine
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 短文的风格很像是知名女性传记的风格。短文的格式不是书信,故应排除A。C和D不够具体,也应排除。
单选题 According to the author, the primary reason that Florence Nightingale was able to open a school for nursing was that ______.
A. she was already famous for her work in the war
B. her family was willing to finance her work
C. she had gained notoriety as a difficult woman to challenge
D. she had cared for many wealthy sick people herself
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据作者的观点,弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔创办护理学校的主要原因是他在战争期间就已经因工作而闻名。第二段第二句是答案的依据。