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The question of parenting has become of increasing interest to economists. At the American Economic Association's annual meeting in Denver this year, for example, there was a 1 on the effect of mothers' employment on their children, as well as household 2 and child development. Economists are 3 increasingly on studies from epigenetics, which demonstrate the way parenting and other 4 factors transform genes. But 5 most debates regarding nature 6 nurture tend to look at what happens to people during childhood, Janet Currie, an economist at Columbia University, has looked at the effects that 7 might have on children even before they are born. In a paper 8 as the Richard T. Ely lecture at the A. E. A. meeting, she reviewed studies looking at 9 better maternal education and government food 10 can help raise birth weights among babies, an indicator that can 11 future health. Stopping smoking or taking drugs, not 12 , also improves birth weights. In examining the effects of pollution on birth weight, she 13 that one of the reasons poor, minority mothers tend to live 14 to polluted areas is that such neighborhoods tend to be viewed as blighted by more 15 and white residents, and that 16 home prices or rents are more 17 for those living on low incomes. She also posited the 18 that 'some groups are less able to process and act on information about hazards.' Ms. Currie 19 that because changes made by mothers or families while a baby is in the womb can affect birth weight, and in 20 , future health, 'we cannot assume that differences that are present at birth reflect unchangeable, genetic factors.'
【答案解析】词汇辨析和上下文语义题。household ______和child development并列,均是座谈小组的议题。D选项意为“指明,命名”,与本文无关,首先排除。A选项意为“选择”,指从多种情况中选择;B选项含“做出决定”之意,是选择的结果;C选项意为“杂务,家务活”。前面提到了“母亲就业对子女的影响”,as well as连接两个并列成分,因而后面就应该谈到“家庭选择及少儿成长”,即“专题小组不仅讨论了母亲就业对子女的影响,还讨论了家庭的选择及少儿成长”。故A项为正确答案。
【答案解析】上下文语义题。空格处的定语从句说明了epigenetics是怎样的一种学科:说明育儿和其他 因素改变基因的方式。该句中没有答题线索,下一句中的But一词表明两句间关系紧密,因此我们在下一句找答题线索。显然,下一句的nature ______ nurture与parenting and other ______ factors相呼应,parenting对应nurture,因而other ______ factors对应nature,故答案为A项,意为“环境的”,环境因素与自然相对应。
【答案解析】上下文语义题。前半句说“在验证污染对出生重量的影响时”,空格后为that引导的宾语从句that one of the reasons... is that...“……的一个原因是……”,其内容为Janet Currie的观点,B选项意为“提出,建议”,是单纯表达观点,最符合语境,故为正确答案。A选项意为“预料,期望”;C选项意为“打算,准备”;D选项意为“推荐”,均不符合文意,故排除。
【答案解析】词汇辨析题。这里的more ______ and white residents与poor,minority mothers相对,因此空格处所填词应当是poor的反义词。A选项意为“丰富的,充裕的;盛产的”,指物质方面供应充足,其反义词是scarce,不能修饰人,故排除。B选项意为“富裕的,有钱的”,是poor的反义词,符合上下文语义,故为正确答案。C选项意为“舒服的;无忧无虑的”,也有“寓足的”之意,但用此意时,只作表语,不作定语,故排除。D选项意为“大量的,丰富的”,也指物质方面,同abundant是近义词,故排除。
单选题
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】逻辑衔接题。空格处的句子较复杂,宾语从句的骨干是one of the reasons...is that...and that...,据此看出,两个that均引导表语从句,第一个表语从句提到,这样的社区通常被更为富裕的白人居民视为贫民区,第二个表语从句提到,房价或者租金对于靠低收入生活的人就更______,显然,从第一个表语从句的表述能够推出第二个表语从句的结论,两者为因果关系,C选项“因此,结果”正确。A、B项表转折,意为“然而;尽管如此”,D项意为“进而”,表递进,均不符合原文逻辑。
单选题
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】词汇辨析和上下文语义题。home prices or rents指的是polluted areas(blighted neighborhoods)的房价和租金,这种地方的房价或者租金对于靠低收入生活的人显然更能“负担得起”,故A选项“负担得起的”为正确答案。